黑土区农田土壤氮循环关键过程微生物基因丰度的分布特征
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中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所

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中国科学院基础前沿科学研究计划从0到1原始创新项目(ZDBS-LY-DQC017),中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28020201),国家自然科学基金面上项目(41671251)


Distribution characteristics of microbial gene abundance in key processes of soil nitrogen cycling in black soil zone
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Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

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The Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (ZDBS-LY-DQC017), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28020201) , the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671251)

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    摘要:

    土壤微生物作为碳氮循环过程的主要驱动者与作物生产和生态环境安全关系密切。目前,仅有少数基于单一氮循环过程的研究报导了功能基因的空间分布特征,缺乏关于氮循环关键过程微生物分布特征的耦联分析。本研究采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对东北黑土农田土壤氮循环关键过程的固氮、氨氧化和反硝化过程功能基因丰度特征及对土壤因子的响应进行关联分析。研究发现,在低pH(4.5?5.0)土壤中,不同氮循环基因丰度均显著低于其他pH土壤样本。种植大豆的土壤nifH基因丰度显著高于种植玉米的土壤样本(分别高于60%和83%)。AOA amoA基因丰度显著高于AOB amoA基因丰度,AOA amoA与AOB amoA基因丰度的比值为3.1到91.0。氮循环功能基因丰度与土壤pH和TC之间存在显著的正相关关系(P < 0.01)。非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)结果显示主要表征黑土区氮循环基因组成的NMDS1与土壤pH和TC显著正相关。方差分解分析(VPA)和随机森林分析(RF)结果显示土壤pH和TC是氮循环微生物基因丰度空间分布的最主要驱动因子。本研究发现除了土壤因子外,地理距离对农田土壤氮循环关键过程微生物分布也产生重要影响,为认识土壤微生物参与的农田生态系统的生物地球化学循环过程提供理论基础。

    Abstract:

    Abstract: 【Objective】Surveys of spatial distribution patterns of microbial community diversity and composition and the factors driving such patterns is indispensable to understand the biological diversity and maintain mechanism. Recently, the researches on soil microbial distribution patterns and their driving force going very rapidly, many research pointed out that microbial communities were geographically distributed and the hypothesis of the microbial random distribution pattern has been ruled out. Although the spatial distribution characteristics of the functional genes basing on the individual nitrogen cycling community have been investigated, the coupling analysis of microbial distribution patterns involved in the nitrogen cycling on the entire process especially on spatial scale is relatively rare. This study investigated the correlation analysis on the abundance characteristics of functional genes in the key processes of soil nitrogen cycle including nitrogen fixation, ammonia oxidation and denitrification, to reveal the similarities and differences of microbial abundance in different nitrogen cycling processes in the black soil zone of Northeast China, and to clarify which soil factors is important regulating the distribution of community numbers. 【Method】In this study, 26 soil samples were collected with different soil carbon contents basing on the database of China Black Soil Ecology. The soil sampling regions was across the black soil zone in northeast China from Changtu (42°50′N, 124°07′E) in Liaoning Province to Nenjiang (49°07′N, 125°13′E) in Heilongjiang Province (intervals of 25 to 741 km). Soil edaphic factors (pH, TC, TN, TP, AP, AK NO3--N, and NH4+-N) were measured by standard soil testing procedures. Quantitative real-time PCR technology was used to determine functional gene abundance involved in the key processes of nitrogen cycle, including nitrogen fixation (nifH), ammonia oxidation (AOA amoA and AOB amoA) and denitrification (nirS, nirK and nosZ). 【Result】The soil pH ranged from 4.56 to 6.57, and soil TC ranged from 11.77 g·kg-1 to 53.53 g·kg-1. Soil TC content was significantly correlated with latitude (P < 0.001), but was not soil pH (P = 0.985). The abundances of different nitrogen cycling genes are significantly lower in low soil pH (4.5?5.0) than other soil sampling sites. The abundance of nifH genes in soybean-planting soils is significantly higher than that of soil samples planted with maize (above 5%?19%) in the adjacent soil sample sites. The abundance of AOA amoA is significantly higher than that of AOB amoA, and the abundance ratio of AOA amoA to AOB amoA ranges from 3.1 to 91.0. The abundance of nitrogen cycling functional genes is positively correlated with soil pH and TC (P < 0.01). The NMDS analysis showed that the NMDS1, which mainly represents nitrogen cycling gene composition in black soil zone, was significantly positively correlated with soil pH and TC. The variance partitioning analysis (VPA) revealed that the distribution of nitrogen cycling genes was mainly dependent on soil pH, TC, latitude, TP and TN, among which contribution of soil pH and TC is the highest, and accounts for 6.69% and 4.38%, respectively. The random forest analysis (RF) reconfirmed that soil pH and TC were the main driving factors shaping the spatial distribution patterns in nitrogen cycling microbial gene abundance. 【Conclusion】This study reveals that in addition to soil pH and TC contents, spatial distance also has an important impacts on the distribution of microorganisms in key processes of soil nitrogen cycling in black soil zone, which provides scientific basis for understanding the biogeochemical cycling process mediated by soil microbe in farmland ecosystems.

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张淼,刘俊杰,刘株秀,顾海东,李禄军,金剑,刘晓冰,王光华.黑土区农田土壤氮循环关键过程微生物基因丰度的分布特征[J].土壤学报,DOI:10.11766/trxb202107260381,[待发表]
Zhang Miao, Liu Junjie, Liu Zhuxiu, Gu Haidong, Li Lujun, Jin Jian, Liu Xiaobing, Wang Guanghua. Distribution characteristics of microbial gene abundance in key processes of soil nitrogen cycling in black soil zone[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, DOI:10.11766/trxb202107260381,[In Press]

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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-26
  • 最后修改日期:2022-03-25
  • 录用日期:2022-06-21
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