蒋发辉(1996—),男,云南普洱人,博士研究生,研究方向:土壤结构改良与耕作培肥。E-mail:
为防治黑土退化、保护好利用好黑土地,本研究基于东北黑土区已发表 61篇文献543组研究数据,利用Meta分析和随机森林模型等方法,分析黑土地保护性耕作与深耕对作物产量的影响及其驱动因素,耦合东北黑土地区气候、地形和土壤等信息,评价保护性耕作与深耕的适宜性。结果表明:与传统耕作相比,东北黑土地区整体而言保护性耕作增产不明显(1.21%),而深耕增产显著(12.3%),区域分析表明前者仅在辽河平原显著增产14.6%,而后者在三江、松嫩和辽河平原均增产10%以上。因素分析表明黑土区保护性耕作产量效应主要受多年平均气温(20%)、积温(19%)和干燥指数(16%)的影响,深耕产量效果则受坡度影响最大(14%),平坦区域适宜深耕,陡坡耕地适宜保护性耕作。综合上述因子评价区域适宜性程度,东北地区的西南部,包括辽宁省西部、吉林省西部以及内蒙古自治区东部(赤峰市、通辽)等严重风蚀区域实行保护性耕作效果更佳;典型黑土带以及三江平原等湿润、冷凉、低洼区域深耕的效果较好。本研究成果可为保护性耕作与深耕技术在东北黑土区的推广应用提供参考。
Black soil of Northeast China suffered serious degradation due to intensive farming in the past decades. To protect Black soil, conservation tillage is encouraged to be applied in this region. However, some studies have reported that this practice may reduce crop yield. Thus, our objective is to evaluate the suitability of conservation tillage and deep tillage in Black soil of Northeast China.
We collected 543 yield comparisons from 61 papers published in international and domestic journals. After synthesis and grouping of required data, we analyzed the impacts of conservation tillage and deep tillage on crop yield and their influencing factors using meta-analysis as well as random-forest methods.
Overall, crop yields were slightly increased under conservation tillage(+1.21%), but significantly enhanced under deep tillage(+12.3%) as compared with traditional rotary tillage. Conservation tillage caused a higher yield only at Liao River Plain(14.6%), whereas deep tillage increased yield by 10% across three plains including Sanjiang, Songnen and Liao River. Under conservation tillage, the yield effect size was most influenced by the mean annual temperature(20% contribution), mean accumulated temperature > 10 ℃(19% contribution) and aridity index(16% contribution). For deep tillage, the most important factor was the topographic slope(14% contribution). Also, conservation tillage increased soil organic C mainly in the top layer and when combined with straw mulching reduced soil temperature remarkably and increased soil moisture. This observation was the main reason for yield reduction under this practice. Deep tillage reduced soil bulk density and penetration resistance significantly, leading to an increase in crop yield. After synthesizing the yield effect size and factor contribution, our results indicated that wind erosion sensitive regions such as western Liaoning and Jilin provinces as well as eastern Inner Mongolia are highly suitable for conservation tillage. On the other hand, the cold, humid, low-lying areas are more suitable for deep tillage, e.g., Sanjiang Plain and the typical Black soil belt.
This study evaluated the suitability of tillage practices in the Black soil of Northeast China based on the effect size of tillage on crop yield. The synthesized results suggest that conservation tillage is more suitable for dry and wind erosion sensitive regions or slopping lands where it can increase crop yield and protect soils as well.
东北黑土是世界四大黑土之一[
当前,东北平原农业生产中常采用传统耕作、秋翻等浅耕耕作(传统耕作平均15 cm,秋翻小于19 cm)。浅耕因机械整地效率高、能耗小而被广泛使用,但长期单一浅耕会造成亚表层土壤压实,毛细孔隙减少,土壤通气、透水、增温性差[
近年来,围绕黑土地退化问题,国内外学者开展了许多保护性耕作与深耕的研究。整体而言,已有报道多为独立位点研究,且不同研究结果间差异较大。Fan等[
鉴于此,本研究基于已发表文献数据,利用Meta分析评价东北黑土区保护性耕作与深耕对作物产量的影响,并用随机森林模型分析不同研究区域间气候(气温、降雨、积温、干燥度、湿润指数)、地形(坡度、高程)、土壤(容重、有机碳、全量及速效NPK等)和田间管理(施肥、灌溉、试验年限)等条件下保护性耕作与深耕对作物产量的影响,综合考虑东北黑土区气候、地形、土壤等因素,评估不同耕作方式的区域适宜性。本研究结果以期为东北黑土区保护性耕作与深耕推广应用提供科学依据。
本研究通过ISI Web of Science、Springer、Science Direct、Google Scholar、中国知网、维普和万方等中英文数据库分别输入“保护性耕作(conservation tillage)、少耕(reduce tillage)、免耕(no tillage)、秸秆还田(straw return)、秸秆覆盖(straw mulching)”或“深耕(deep tillage)、深松(subsoiling)、深翻(deep ploughing)、深混(deep mixing)”和“中国东北(north / northeast China)、黑土(Black soil / Mollisols)”等关键词,检索了截止2021年11月11日前中国东北黑土地有关保护性耕作与深耕的已发表中英文献,并对其进行筛选。筛选标准如下:1)试验区域为中国东北黑土区,包括黑龙江、吉林、辽宁三省及赤峰、通辽、呼伦贝尔和兴安等三市一盟;2)试验为田间试验,种植作物为玉米、大豆或小麦;3)试验处理包括保护性耕作(少免耕+秸秆还田)或深耕(深松、深翻、深混,耕深达25 cm及以上)中的一个或多个,要求以传统耕作(旋耕或翻耕,深度 < 17 cm)为对照,除耕作处理外的田间管理一致;4)试验处理描述清晰、背景详细、方法明确。
通过Endnote及人工剔除试验时间、地点、作物类型和试验结果数据相同的文献,保留相同试验地点不同试验年限数据。对符合标准的文献提取试验点位置(experimental location)、年均气温(mean annual temperature,Temp)、年均降雨量(mean annual precipitation,Precip)、年均有效积温(mean accumulated temperature, > 10℃,Accum-temp)、试验年限(Duration)、作物类型(crop type)、初始土壤有机碳(initial SOC)、容重(initial bulk density:BD)、全量氮磷钾(initial TN、TP、TK)、速效氮磷钾(initial available N、P、K)、土壤质地(soil sand、silt、clay content)和化学肥料施用量(amount of fertilizer input for N、P2O5、K2O)等背景信息(数据集1),不同耕作方式(soil tillage)、秸秆还田(straw remove、return、mulching、incorporation)等处理信息,以及不同处理下作物产量(crop yield)、土壤理化性质(包括土壤容重soil bulk density、穿透阻力penetration resistance、有机碳SOC、水分moisture、温度temperature)的平均值(average),标准差(standard deviation,SD)和试验重复次数(replication times,N)等数据(数据集2)。本文数集1和2主要收集于以下参考文献(
纳入Meta分析的参考文献的基础信息
Basic information of articles included in our meta-analysis
文献 |
作物 |
数量 |
保护性耕作平均效应值 |
置信区间 |
文献 |
作物 |
数量 |
深耕平均效应值 |
置信区间 |
|
注:CT:conservation tillage保护性耕作;DT:deep tillage深耕;m:maize玉米;s:soybean大豆 | ||||||||||
[ |
m | 8 | 0.12 | (0.08 – 0.16) | [ |
m | 2 | 0.08 | (0.03–0.14) | |
[ |
m | 2 | 0.06 | (0.05 – 0.07) | [ |
m | 12 | –0.01 | (–0.05–0.03) | |
[ |
sm | 20 | –0.03 | (–0.09 – 0.04) | [ |
sm | 3 | –0.01 | (–0.03–0.00) | |
[ |
sm | 16 | –0.05 | (–0.13 – 0.03) | [ |
m | 12 | 0.13 | (0.09–0.16) | |
[ |
m | 4 | –0.27 | (–0.41– –0.13) | [ |
m | 4 | 0.09 | (0.03–0.14) | |
[ |
sm | 27 | –0.01 | (–0.04 – 0.03) | [ |
m | 13 | 0.15 | (0.10–0.20) | |
[ |
m | 24 | 0.07 | (0.04 – 0.10) | [ |
m | 6 | –0.12 | (–0.21 – –0.03) | |
[ |
m | 8 | 0.16 | (0.09 – 0.24) | [ |
m | 2 | 0.01 | (–0.09 – 0.11) | |
[ |
m | 2 | –0.11 | (–0.18 – –0.05) | [ |
m | 6 | 0.05 | (0.01 – 0.09) | |
[ |
m | 6 | –0.04 | (–0.09 – 0.01) | [ |
m | 4 | 0.14 | (0.09 – 0.19) | |
[ |
m | 6 | 0.02 | (–0.03 – 0.08) | [ |
m | 6 | 0.1 | (0.04 – 0.16) | |
[ |
m | 2 | 0.01 | (–0.06 – 0.09) | [ |
m | 4 | 0.1 | (0.04 – 0.17) | |
[ |
m | 1 | 0.16 | (0.14 – 0.17) | [ |
m | 1 | 0.29 | (0.26 – 0.31) | |
[ |
m | 8 | 0.03 | (0.00 – 0.06) | [ |
m | 2 | 0.06 | (–0.02 – 0.13) | |
[ |
m | 8 | –0.21 | (–0.31 – –0.10) | [ |
m | 6 | –0.08 | (–0.17 – 0.00) | |
[ |
m | 1 | 0.02 | (–0.18 – 0.23) | [ |
m | 4 | 0.43 | (0.39 – 0.48) | |
[ |
sm | 24 | –0.07 | (–0.13 – –0.01) | [ |
m | 16 | 0.01 | (–0.08 – 0.10) | |
[ |
m | 2 | –0.07 | (–0.11 – –0.02) | [ |
m | 18 | 0.16 | (0.13 – 0.19) | |
[ |
m | 4 | 0.16 | (0.08 – 0.24) | [ |
m | 3 | –0.02 | (–0.14 – 0.10) | |
[ |
sm | 3 | 0.1 | (0.01 – 0.19) | [ |
m | 8 | 0.05 | (0.03 – 0.07) | |
[ |
m | 3 | 0.07 | (0.05 – 0.10) | [ |
sm | 96 | 0.17 | (0.14 – 0.20) | |
[ |
m | 4 | –0.14 | (–0.20 – –0.07) | [ |
s | 20 | 0.18 | (0.14 – 0.23) | |
[ |
m | 4 | 0.32 | (0.27 – 0.38) | [ |
sm | 7 | 0.08 | (0.03 – 0.13) | |
[ |
m | 2 | 0.05 | (0.03 – 0.07) | [ |
m | 1 | 0.05 | (0.00 – 0.10) | |
[ |
m | 2 | –0.08 | (–0.20 – 0.04) | [ |
m | 18 | 0.03 | (0.02 – 0.04) | |
[ |
m | 1 | 0.15 | (0.12 – 0.17) | [ |
m | 2 | 0.05 | (–0.05 – 0.15) | |
[ |
m | 3 | 0.08 | (0.04 – 0.11) | [ |
m | 3 | 0 | (–0.09 – 0.09) | |
[ |
m | 2 | 0.05 | (0.02 – 0.08) | [ |
s | 2 | 0.15 | (0.10 – 0.19) | |
[ |
m | 4 | 0.08 | (0.03 – 0.12) | [ |
m | 4 | 0.1 | (0.05 – 0.15) | |
[ |
m | 2 | 0.11 | (0.07 – 0.15) | [ |
s | 4 | 0.2 | (0.17 – 0.23) | |
[ |
m | 1 | 0.06 | (0.03 – 0.09) | [ |
sm | 4 | 0.11 | (0.10 – 0.13) | |
Total | 204 | 0.01 | (–0.01 – 0.03) | [ |
m | 3 | 0.09 | (0.08 – 0.11) | ||
[ |
m | 12 | 0.11 | (0.03 – 0.18) | ||||||
[ |
m | 8 | 0.08 | (0.04 – 0.12) | ||||||
[ |
m | 4 | 0.08 | (0.06 – 0.10) | ||||||
[ |
sm | 8 | 0.09 | (0.07 – 0.11) | ||||||
[ |
m | 3 | 0.02 | (–0.11 – 0.16) | ||||||
[ |
m | 3 | 0.14 | (0.09 – 0.20) | ||||||
[ |
m | 3 | 0.27 | (0.17 – 0.38) | ||||||
[ |
m | 2 | 0.04 | (0.02 – 0.07) | ||||||
Total | 339 | 0.11 | (0.10 – 0.13) |
https://www.resdc.cn/Default.aspx)[
Meta分析又称元分析、荟萃分析或整合分析,是一类数学与统计学方法的多层次组织方式,其通过构建效应值(指标)并进行加权整合以总结归纳和量化同类研究的不同研究结果(数据)[
式中,ln
式中,ln RR为平均效应值(Average effect size);
式中,
加权平均效应值的ln RR的95%置信区间(95% confidence interval,95%CI)计算公式如下:
为便于理解和描述,本文计算得到各指标加权平均效应值(Average effect size)的变化百分比(percent change),计算公式如下:
随机森林(Random-forest)是一种基于机器学习的集成学习算法,可用于线性、非线性及非参数数据的分类和拟合,对异常值和缺失值不敏感,允许来自多源的高维度复杂数据融合,且不易产生过拟合现象[
其中
从原始数据集S中,通过自助法(bootstrap)重采样技术有放回的重复随机抽取多个样本组成新样本子集S
然后,从每个样本子集中随机选择
此外,利用袋外数据OOB进行RF模型误差和变量重要性评估。其中,预测误差计算如下:
式中,MSEOOB为预测模型RF袋外数据OOB的均方误差;
变量重要性采用“精度平均减少值”即均方差增加值(Increase in Mean Square Error,IncMSE)进行评估,为便于理解,笔者综合预测变量IncMSE计算得到各变量相对重要性(Relative importance,RI)百分比,计算公式如下:
本研究中保护性耕与深耕下作物产量影响因素重要性分析和不同区域气候、地形及土壤环境影响下不同耕作措施增产预测RF模型构建流程为:1)以试验点背景信息(数据集1)为输入量,以不同耕作方式下作物产量效应值ln
基于随机森林模型的作物产量效应值预测精度分析
The accuracy analysis based on random-forest model for the effect size of crop yield
模型 |
训练集百分比 |
验证集百分比 |
实测值与预测值关系 |
平均绝对误差 |
均方根误差 |
皮尔逊相关系数 |
注:RF2-CT代表保护性耕作产量预测模型,FR2-DT代表深耕产量预测模型, |
||||||
RF2-CT | 70 | 30 | 0.086 | 0.115 | 0.60 | |
RF2-DT | 70 | 30 | 0.083 | 0.112 | 0.57 |
本研究所收集的543组数据显示,当前黑土地保护性耕作与深耕田间实验主要集中分布于三江、松嫩和辽河平原(
东北黑土地保护性耕作与深耕对作物产量的影响
Effects of conservation tillage(CT) and deep tillage(DT) on crop yield in the Black soil of Northeast China
根据随机森林模型RF1分析,温度及其相关性因素是影响东北黑土地保护性耕作产量的最重要因素(
东北黑土地保护性耕作与深耕对作物产量影响因素的相对重要性(%)
Relative importance of different influencing factors on crop yield under conservation tillage or deep tillage in the Black soil of Northeast China(%)
1)气候。年均气温与产量效应值的关系(
作物产量效应值与影响因素的关系
Relationship between effect size and influencing factors on crop yield
东北黑土地土壤理化性质对保护性耕作与深耕的响应
Responses of soil properties to conservation tillage or deep tillage in the Black soil of Northeast China
年均降雨量与产量效应值的关系(
年均干燥指数和年均有效积温(> 10℃)与产量效应值的关系同年均气温关系高度一致(
2)地形。试验地所处坡度与高程和产量效应值之间的关系如
3)土壤性质。在初始土壤有机碳含量较低的情况下,保护性耕作与深耕可显著提高作物产量,平均产量较传统耕作增幅超过10%(
分析保护性耕作与深耕后土壤有机碳含量的变化,结果表明,保护性耕作较传统耕作提高土壤有机碳幅度大(+15%,0.95CI:5.0%~25.2%),远高于深耕下土壤有机碳含量的提高3.7%(1.7%,5.9%)。但是,保护性耕作提高土壤有机碳部位主要集中在土壤表层,深耕则有利于下层土壤有机碳积累(
此外,保护性耕作显著增加了土壤容重和穿透阻力,与之相反,深耕显著降低土壤容重和穿透阻力(
4)试验年限。东北黑土区保护性耕作与深耕下作物产量随时间的增加变化幅度不大,且缺乏长期试验数据,高斯曲线拟合结果不显著(
基于72项已发表田间试验数据(数据集1),综合黑土区气候条件(多年平均气温、降雨、有效积温、干燥指数、湿润指数),地形因子(高程、坡度)和土壤性质(土壤容重、有机碳、全氮、黏粒含量)等因素,构建了保护性耕作与深耕下黑土地作物产量效应值预测模型RF2(过程详见1.2节)。
为分析模型预测精度,随机抽取原始数据集1中70%为训练数据,30%为验证数据,进行检验。结果表明,保护性耕作下作物产量效应值的实测值与预测值回归关系为:
以东北黑土区气象、地形、土壤理化等基础信息数据集3作为输入变量,利用随机森林模型RF2预测作物产量效应值。根据产量效应预测值大小,将东北黑土地保护性耕作与深耕区域划分为4个适宜性等级,不适宜区(增产 < 0%)、较适宜区(增产0%~5%)、适宜区(增产5%~10%)和高度适宜区(增产 > 10%),结果见
总体而言,东北黑土区(东三省+内蒙东四盟)的北部和东部不适宜进行保护性耕作,而中、西和南部适宜。其中,保护性耕作在内蒙古东四盟北部和黑龙江省北部导致作物减产;在黑龙江省南部(或松嫩平原北部)和黑龙江省东部三江平原等区域较传统耕作增产5%~10%,分属保护性耕作一般适宜区域;在辽宁省、吉林省西部以及内蒙古科尔沁沙地等区域较传统耕作增产10%以上,分属保护性耕作高度适宜区,约占黑土区总耕地面积的38%(
本研究整合已发表文献数据,利用Meta分析结果显示,东北黑土区总体上表现为保护性耕作增产不明显,而深耕显著增产12%~14%(
此外,本文对东北进行分区分析,结果表明保护性耕作在三江和松嫩平原未增产,但在辽河平原显著增产,深耕则在三江和松嫩平原区域的增产幅度较高,在辽河平原增产幅度较小(
东北黑土地保护性耕作与深耕相对产量变化区域分布图
Map of optimal yield under conservation tillage or deep tillage in the Black soil of Northeast China
1)气候。本研究表明,环境温度及其协同性指标(有效积温和干燥指数)是影响东北黑土区保护性耕作下作物产量最重要的因素(
作物产量效应值与保护性耕作或深耕下土壤理化性质效应值的相关关系
Relationships between effect sizes of crop yield and soil properties under conservation or deep tillage
干燥指数的影响与温度类似,在湿润(温低)区域深耕增产幅度大于保护性耕,反之在干旱(温高)区域保护性耕作增产幅度大于深耕(
2)地形。坡度与高程主要影响土壤水热及泥沙运动与再分布,最终影响作物生长。本研究发现,东北黑土区平坦土地适宜深耕,陡坡耕地适宜保护性耕作,分界坡度为4°(
3)土壤性质。本研究随机森林模型变量重要性分析表明,东北黑土地初始土壤理化性质(土壤容重、全量及速效养分含量)不是作物生长的限制性因子(
本研究综合上述气候、地形、土壤性质等影响因素,利用随机森林模型评估保护性耕作与深耕的区域适宜性,将结果与气候分区图[
此外,本研究参比东北黑土区土壤侵蚀空间分布图[
然而,本研究仅从作物产量效应值这一角度考虑深耕与保护性耕作的适宜性,有待进一步量化不同耕作方式抵御风蚀水蚀或增加/降低投入成本等生态及经济效益相关的影响。
本论文基于Meta分析,评价了东北黑土区保护性耕作与深耕的增产效应及其影响因素的重要性。与传统耕作相比,保护性耕作增产不明显,而深耕增产显著。区域分析表明前者仅在辽河平原显著增产14.6%,而后者在三江、松嫩和辽河平原均增产10%以上。多年平均气温、有效积温和干燥指数是保护性耕作影响作物产量的最重要因素,而坡度则是深耕影响作物产量的最重要因素。随机森林模型评估显示,在东北黑土地的北部地区保护性耕作导致作物减产,而在松嫩平原南部、辽河平原西部与内蒙古科尔沁沙地等风蚀、干旱的区域适宜开展保护性耕作;与之不同,深耕在整个东北黑土区不存在减产区域,特别在湿润、冷凉、低洼等区域增产效果更佳。
Zhang Z Y. Discuss on distribution of Phaeozem in the world[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2010(4): 59-60.
张之一. 关于世界黑土分布的探讨[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2010(4): 59-60.
http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/. ]]>
http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/. ]]>
Zhuo Z Q, Xing A, Cao M, et al. Identifying the position of the compacted layer by measuring soil penetration resistance in a dryland farming region in northeast China[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2020, 36(3): 494-506.
Liu D W, Wang Z M, Zhang B, et al. Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon and analysis of related factors in croplands of the black soil region, northeast China[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2006, 113(1-4): 73-81.
Zhang Y G, Wu Y Q, Liu B Y, et al. Characteristics and factors controlling the development of ephemeral gullies in cultivated catchments of black soil region, Northeast China[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2007, 96(1-2): 28-41.
Lu J, Zheng F L, Li G F, et al. The effects of raindrop impact and runoff detachment on hillslope soil erosion and soil aggregate loss in the mollisol region of northeast China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2016, 161: 79-85.
Liu X B, Zhang X Y, Wang Y X, et al. Soil degradation: A problem threatening the sustainable development of agriculture in Northeast China[J]. Plant Soil and Environment, 2010, 56(2): 87-97.
Liu X W, Zhang X Y, Chen S Y, et al. Subsoil compaction and irrigation regimes affect the root–shoot relation and grain yield of winter wheat[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2015, 154: 59-67.
Çelik İ, Günal H, Acar M, et al. Strategic tillage may sustain the benefits of long-term no-till in a vertisol under mediterranean climate[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 185: 17-28.
Zhang S X, Chen X W, Jia S X, et al. The potential mechanism of long-term conservation tillage effects on maize yield in the black soil of northeast China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2015, 154: 84-90.
Pareja-Sánchez E, Plaza-Bonilla D, Ramos M C, et al. Long-term no-till as a means to maintain soil surface structure in an agroecosystem transformed into irrigation[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2017, 174: 221-230.
Yan L, Dong T H, La Y P, et al. Effects of no-tillage and straw returning on soil aggregates composition and organic carbon content in black soil areas of Northeast China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(22): 181-188.
闫雷, 董天浩, 喇乐鹏, 等. 免耕和秸秆还田对东北黑土区土壤团聚体组成及有机碳含量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(22): 181-188.
Xu X Z, Xu Y, Chen S C, et al. Soil loss and conservation in the black soil region of Northeast China: a retrospective study[J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2010, 13(8): 793-800.
Pittelkow C M, Liang X, Linquist B A, et al. Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture[J]. Nature, 2015, 517(7534): 365-368.
Seibel H. Subsoil improvement by deep ploughing, represented by the example of the area of community of Heppenheim Zeitschrift fur Kulturtechnik und Flurbereinigung, 1972: 341-353
Bogunovic I, Pereira P, Kisic I, et al. Tillage management impacts on soil compaction, erosion and crop yield in stagnosols(croatia)[J]. Catena, 2018, 160: 376-384.
Wang Y K, Zhang Z B, Jiang F H, et al. Evaluating soil physical quality indicators of a vertisol as affected by different tillage practices under wheat-maize system in the north China plain[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2021, 209.
Schneider F, Don A, Hennings I, et al. The effect of deep tillage on crop yield – what do we really know?[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2017, 174: 193-204.
Zhao X R, Zhao X J, Chen X Z. Effects of conservation tillage on soil moisture and wheat yield [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009, 25(S1): 6-10.
赵小蓉, 赵燮京, 陈先藻. 保护性耕作对土壤水分和小麦产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25(S1): 6-10.
Fan R Q, Zhang X P, Yang X M, et al. Effects of tillage management on infiltration and preferential flow in a black soil, northeast China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2013, 23(3): 312-320.
Chen X W, Zhang X P, Liang A Z, et al. Effects of tillage mode on black soil's penetration resistance and bulk density[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(2): 439-444.
陈学文, 张晓平, 梁爱珍, 等. 耕作方式对黑土硬度和容重的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(2): 439-444.
Lou Y L, Xu M G, Chen X N, et al. Stratification of soil organic c, n and c: N ratio as affected by conservation tillage in two maize fields of China[J]. Catena, 2012, 95: 124-130.
Sun B J, Jia S X, Zhang X P, et al. Impact of tillage practices on microbial biomass carbon in top layer of black soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(1): 101-107.
孙冰洁, 贾淑霞, 张晓平, 等. 耕作方式对黑土表层土壤微生物生物量碳的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(1): 101-107.
Liu S, Yang J Y, Zhang X Y, et al. Modelling crop yield, soil water content and soil temperature for a soybean–maize rotation under conventional and conservation tillage systems in Northeast China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2013, 123: 32-44.
Zhang X P, Li W F, Liang A Z, et al. Yield and profitability of corn and soybean under different tillage in the black soils of Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2008, 16(4): 858-864.
张晓平, 李文凤, 梁爱珍, 等. 中层黑土不同耕作方式下玉米和大豆产量及经济效益分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2008, 16(4): 858-864.
Chen Y, Liu S, Li H, et al. Effects of conservation tillage on corn and soybean yield in the humid continental climate region of northeast China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2011, 115-116: 56-61.
Piao L, Qi H, Li C F, et al. Optimized tillage practices and row spacing to improve grain yield and matter transport efficiency in intensive spring maize[J]. Field Crops Research, 2016, 198: 258-268.
Wang Q J, Lu C Y, Li H W, et al. The effects of no-tillage with subsoiling on soil properties and maize yield: 12-year experiment on alkaline soils of northeast China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2014, 137: 43-49.
Zhang J M, Chi F Q, Su Q R, et al. Influence of Different Tillage Modes on the Structure of Dystrophic Black Soil[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2013, 21(5): 104-108.
张久明, 迟凤琴, 宿庆瑞, 等. 不同耕作方式对瘠薄型黑土区土壤结构的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2013, 21(5): 104-108.
Cai H G, Yuan J C, Yan X G, et al. Characteristics of Soil Physical Property and Mineral Nitrogen under Different Soil Fertility Managements [J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2017, 48(2): 445-453.
蔡红光, 袁静超, 闫孝贡, 等. 不同培肥措施对土壤物理性状及无机氮的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2017, 48(2): 445-453.
Zhao H, Lv Y Z, Wang X K, et al. Tillage impacts on the fractions and compositions of soil organic carbon[J]. Geoderma, 2012, 189-190: 397-403.
Lü Y Z, Lian X J, Zhao H, et al. Effects of conservation tillage patterns on content and density of organic carbon of black soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26(11): 163-169.
吕贻忠, 廉晓娟, 赵红, 等. 保护性耕作模式对黑土有机碳含量和密度的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(11): 163-169.
Zhang B W, Yang Y M, Zhang X L, et al. Effects of continuous deep loosening on soil physical characteristics, organic carbon content and carbon pool index in black soil[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2019(2): 6-13.
张博文, 杨彦明, 张兴隆, 等. 连续深松对黑土结构特性和有机碳及碳库指数影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2019(2): 6-13.
Wang Q J, Gao Z C, Zhang J S, et al. Deep Tillage and Fertilization Improved Physiochemical Characteristics and Soybean Yield in Barren Black Soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2016, 47(6): 1393-1398.
王秋菊, 高中超, 张劲松, 等. 深耕培肥改良瘠薄黑土理化性质及提高大豆产量的研究[J]. 土壤通报, 2016, 47(6): 1393-1398.
Liu X B, Liu J D, Xing B S, et al. Effects of long‐term continuous cropping, tillage, and fertilization on soil organic carbon and nitrogen of black soils in China[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2005, 36(9-10): 1229-1239.
Zhang Y, Li X J, Gregorich E G, et al. Evaluating storage and pool size of soil organic carbon in degraded soils: Tillage effects when crop residue is returned[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 192: 215-221.
Cai H G, Ma W, Zhang X Z, et al. Effect of subsoil tillage depth on nutrient accumulation, root distribution, and grain yield in spring maize[J]. The Crop Journal, 2014, 2(5): 297-307.
Liu S, Zhang X Y, Yang J Y, et al. Effect of conservation and conventional tillage on soil water storage, water use efficiency and productivity of corn and soybean in Northeast China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science, 2013, 63(5): 383-394.
Chen T Y, Zhang Y F, Fu J, et al. Effects of tillage methods on soil physical properties and maize growth in a saline–alkali soil[J]. Crop Science, 2021, 61(5): 3702-3718.
Zhang S L, Zhang X Y, Huffman T, et al. Soil Loss, Crop Growth, and Economic Margins under Different Management Systems on a Sloping Field in the Black Soil Area of Northeast China[J]. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2011, 35(3): 293-311.
Qiao Y F, Miao S J, Lu X C, et al. Effect of tillage management on maize yield and soil quality in aeolian sandy soil of Northeast China[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 38(3): 19-23.
乔云发, 苗淑杰, 陆欣春, 等. 不同土壤耕作方式对东北风沙土区玉米田土壤质量及产量的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018, 38(3): 19-23.
You D, Tian P, Sui P, et al. Short-term effects of tillage and residue on spring maize yield through regulating root-shoot ratio in northeast China[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 13314.
http://www.resdc.cn/DOI), 2017. DOI: 10.12078/2017121301. ]]>
http://www.resdc.cn/DOI), 2017. DOI: 10.12078/2017121301. ]]>
Liu F, Wu H Y, Zhao Y G, et al. Mapping high resolution National Soil Information Grids of China[J]. Science Bulletin, 2022, 67(3): 328-340.
Michael Borenstein, Larry V Hedges, Julian P T Higgins, et al. Introduction to meta-analysis[M]. Cornwall: A John Wiley and Sons Ltd Publication, 2009: 62-79
Jessica Gurevitch, Peter S Curtis, Michael H Jones. Meta-analysis in ecology[J]. Advances in Ecological Research, 2001, 32(1): 199-247
Breiman L. Random forests[J]. Machine Learning, 2001, 45(1): 5-32.
Hengl T, Heuvelink G B M, Kempen B, et al. Mapping soil properties of Africa at 250 m resolution: Random forests significantly improve current predictions[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(6): e0125814.
Guo P T, Li M F, Luo W, et al. Prediction of soil total nitrogen for rubber plantation at regional scale based on environmental variables and random forest approach[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(5): 194-202.
郭澎涛, 李茂芬, 罗微, 等. 基于多源环境变量和随机森林的橡胶园土壤全氮含量预测[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(5): 194-202.
He C, Niu J R, Xu C T, et al. Effects of conservation tillage on crop yield and soil organic carbon in Northeast China[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2022. DOI:10.22541/au.162245436.60177501/v1.
Zheng C Y, Jiang Y, Chen C Q, et al. The impacts of conservation agriculture on crop yield in China depend on specific practices, crops and cropping regions[J]. The Crop Journal, 2014, 2(5): 289-296.
Wang J L, Pan Z H, Pan F F, et al. The regional water-conserving and yield-increasing characteristics and suitability of soil tillage practices in northern China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2020, 228: 105883.
Zheng K, He J, Li H W, et al. Meta-analysis on maize and wheat yield under subsoiling in Northern China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(22): 7-15.
郑侃, 何进, 李洪文, 等. 中国北方地区深松对小麦玉米产量影响的Meta分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(22): 7-15.
Yin M H, Li Y N, Chen P P, et al. Effect of no-tillage on maize yield in northern region of China-A meta-analysis[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(5): 843-854.
银敏华, 李援农, 陈朋朋, 等. 基于Meta-analysis的中国北方地区免耕玉米产量效应研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(5): 843-854.
Zhang S X, Chen X W, Jia S X, et al. The potential mechanism of long-term conservation tillage effects on maize yield in the black soil of Northeast China[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2015, 154: 84-90.
Li R P, Zheng J Y, Xie R Z, et al. Potential mechanisms of maize yield reduction under short-term no-tillage combined with residue coverage in the semi-humid region of northeast China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2022, 217: 105289.
He J N, Shi Y, Yu Z W. Subsoiling improves soil physical and microbial properties, and increases yield of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 187: 182-193.
Kahlon M S, Lal R, Ann-Varughese M. Twenty two years of tillage and mulching impacts on soil physical characteristics and carbon sequestration in Central Ohio[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2013, 126: 151-158.
Kumar S, Kadono A, Lal R, et al. Long-term tillage and crop rotations for 47–49 years influences hydrological properties of two soils in Ohio[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2012, 76(6): 2195-2207.
Lindstrom M J, Nelson W W, Schumacher T E, et al. Soil movement by tillage as affected by slope[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 1990, 17(3/4): 255-264.
Govers G, Vandaele K, Desmet P J, et al. The role of tillage in soil redistribution on hillslopes[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 1994, 45: 469-478.
Lindstrom M J, Nelson W W, Schumacher T E. Quantifying tillage erosion rates due to moldboard plowing[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 1992, 24: 243-255.
van Muysen W, Govers G, Bergkamp G, et al. Measurement and modeling of the effects of initial soil conditions and slope gradient on soil translocation by tillage[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 1999, 51(3/4): 303-316.
Poesen J, Wesemael B V, Govers G, et al. Patterns of rock fragment cover generated by tillage erosion[J]. Geomorphology, 1997, 18(3/4): 183-197.
Zhang X C, Miller W P, Nearing M A, et al. Effects of surface treatment on surface sealing, runoff, and interrill erosion[J]. Transactions of the ASAE, 1998, 41(4): 989-994.
Lindstrom M J, Schumacher J A, Schumacher T E. TEP: A tillage erosion prediction model to calculate soil translocation rates from tillage [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2000, 55(1): 105-108.
Jia L Z, Zhao W W, Zhai R J, et al. Regional differences in the soil and water conservation efficiency of conservation tillage in China[J]. Catena, 2019, 175: 18-26.
Xu X Z, Xu Y, Chen S C, et al. Soil loss and conservation in the black soil region of Northeast China: A retrospective study[J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2010, 13(8): 793-800.
Chen J R, Liu J, Wang H M, et al. Effect of conservation tillage on soil nutrient loss from a steep hillslope soil[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2018(1): 146-152.
陈静蕊, 刘佳, 王惠明, 等. 保护性耕作措施对陡坡地养分流失的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2018(1): 146-152.
Zhang X Y, Sui Y Y, Zhang X D, et al. Spatial variability of nutrient properties in black soil of Northeast China[J]. Pedosphere, 2007, 17(1): 19-29.
Ma Q, Yu W T, Zhao S H, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of cultivated black soil fertility[J]. Chines Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(10): 1916-1920.
马强, 宇万太, 赵少华, 等. 黑土农田土壤肥力质量综合评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(10): 1916-1920.
Zheng H X, Liu J. Long-term trends of aridity index and its sensitivity to climate factors in Northeast China: 1971-2008[J]. Geographical Research, 2011, 30(10): 1765-1774.
郑红星, 刘静. 东北地区近40年干燥指数变化趋势及其气候敏感性[J]. 地理研究, 2011, 30(10): 1765-1774.
Cao L G, Zhou Z C. Variations of the reference evapotranspiration and aridity index over Northeast China: Changing properties and possible causes[J]. Advances in Meteorology, 2019, DOI:10.1155/2019/7692871.
Wang L P, Wen M, Song J X, et al. Spatial-temporal variation of aridity index during 1961-2014 in China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2016, 31(9): 1488-1498.
Sang Q M, Zheng F L, Wang Y F, et al. An experiment study on freeze-thaw, wind and water agents impacts on hillslope soil erosion in Chinese Mollisol Region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 35(2): 87-95.
桑琦明, 郑粉莉, 王一菲, 等. 东北黑土区冻融、风力、水力交互作用对坡面侵蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021, 35(2): 87-95.
López M V, Arrúe J L. Soil tillage and wind erosion in fallow lands of Central Aragón(Spain): An overview[J]. Sustainable use and management of soils–arid and semiarid regions. Advances in Geoecology, 2005, 36: 93-102.
Zang Y, Gao H W, Zhou J Z. Experimental study on soil erosion by wind under conservation tillage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2003(2): 56-60.
臧英, 高焕文, 周建忠. 保护性耕作对农田土壤风蚀影响的试验研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2003(2): 56-60.
Guo Z, Zobeck T M, Zhang K, et al. Estimating potential wind erosion of agricultural lands in northern China using the revised wind erosion equation and geographic information systems[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 68(1): 13-21.
Huang G B, Yu A Z, Guo Q Y, et al. Wind tunnel experiment on effect of conservative tillage in winter wheat fields on soil wind erosion in Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2007, 44(6): 968-973.
黄高宝, 于爱忠, 郭清毅, 等. 甘肃河西冬小麦保护性耕作对土壤风蚀影响的风洞试验研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2007, 44(6): 968-973.
Lü J J, Yao Y Q, Zhang J, et al. Effects of different tillage measures on soil environment and wheat yield in slopping dry-land[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences. 2011, 40(1): 41-44.
吕军杰, 姚宇卿, 张洁, 等. 不同耕作方式对坡耕旱地土壤环境及小麦产量的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2011, 40(1): 41-44.
Guang Y X. The "Lishu Pattern" to protect and use black soil in Northeast China[J]. Rural Science and Technology of China, 2021(4): 18-21.
关义新. 东北黑土保护与利用的"梨树模式"[J]. 中国农村科技, 2021(4): 18-21.
Han X Z, Zou W X, Yan J, et al. "Longjiang Pattern" to protect and use black soil created by Heilongjiang Province[J]. Rural Science and Technology of China, 2021(4): 25-27.
韩晓增, 邹文秀, 严君, 等. 黑龙江省打造黑土地保护利用的"龙江模式"[J]. 中国农村科技, 2021(4): 25-27.
附录表 1纳入Meta分析的参考文献清单
Feng X M, Hao Y B, Latifmanesh H, et al. Effects of subsoiling tillage on soil properties, maize root distribution, and grain yield on mollisols of Northeastern China[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2018, 110(4): 1607-1615.
Chen Y, Liu S, Li H, et al. Effects of conservation tillage on corn and soybean yield in the humid continental climate region of northeast China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2011, 115/116: 56-61.
Liu S, Yang J Y, Zhang X Y, et al. Modelling crop yield, soil water content and soil temperature for a soybean–maize rotation under conventional and conservation tillage systems in Northeast China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2013, 123: 32-44.
Liu S, Zhang X Y, Kravchenko Y, et al. Maize(
Zhang S L, Zhang X Y, Huffman T, et al. Soil loss, crop growth, and economic margins under different management systems on a sloping field in the black soil area of Northeast China[J]. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2011, 35(3): 293-311.
高盼, 刘玉涛, 杨慧莹, 等. 半干旱地区不同耕作方式对土壤水分含量和温度及玉米产量的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2016(10): 19-22.
杨慧莹, 刘玉涛, 王宇先, 等. 半干旱区玉米秸秆还田方式抗旱效果及效益分析[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2021(2): 23-27.
李玉梅, 王晓轶, 王根林, 等. 不同耕法及秸秆还田对土壤水分运移变化的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019, 39(5): 40-45.
谷思玉, 朱玉伟, 郭兴军, 等. 不同耕作方式下黑土物理性状及其对玉米苗期生长的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(4): 226-231.
乔云发, 苗淑杰, 陆欣春. 不同耕作模式对东北风沙土区玉米产量及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 水土保持学, 2019, 33(5): 205-210.
蔡红光, 刘剑钊, 梁尧, 等. 玉米秸秆全量条带覆盖还田耕种技术模式生产实证[J]. 玉米科学, 2022, 30(1): 115-122.
李娜, 龙静泓, 韩晓增, 等. 短期翻耕和有机物还田对东北暗棕壤物理性质和玉米产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(12): 99-107.
焦帅, 王玮瑜, 赵兴敏, 等. 耕作方式对黑钙土主要肥力特征及玉米产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2020, 38(1): 31-38.
邹文秀, 陆欣春, 韩晓增, 等. 耕作深度及秸秆还田对农田黑土土壤供水能力及作物产量的影响[J]. 土壤与作物, 2016, 5(3): 141-149.
徐莹莹, 王俊河, 刘玉涛, 等. 秸秆不同还田方式对土壤物理性状、玉米产量的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2018, 26(5): 78-84.
戴第伟, 韩巍, 依艳丽. 辽西干旱半干旱区免耕行间深松培土对土壤水分及玉米产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2021, 39(1): 1-8.
肖继兵, 孙占祥, 杨久廷, 等. 半干旱区中耕深松对土壤水分和作物产量的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2011, 42(3): 709-714.
张瑜, 许晓鸿, 隋媛媛, 等. 保护性耕作对黑土区坡耕地水土流失防治效应影响研究[J]. 吉林水利, 2012(11): 1-5.
孙庭炜, 徐丽华, 王鸿斌, 等. 不同耕作方式对黑土理化性质及玉米产量的影响[J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 2020, 42(4): 421-426.
张洋, 王鸿斌. 不同耕作模式对黑土区土壤理化性质及玉米生长发育的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2018, 46(18): 58-64.
赵伟. 不同深松处理对玉米产量及其产量构成因素的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2011(12): 35-37.
初振东, 谢瑞芝, 李少昆, 等. 东北春玉米耐老化膜覆盖及留高茬交替休闲保护性耕作效应研究[J]. 玉米科学, 2010, 18(2): 70-72, 76.
张梅, 任军, 郭金瑞, 等. 吉林中部黑土区玉米高产栽培土壤培肥技术研究[J]. 玉米科学, 2011, 19(6): 101-104.
张彬, 何红波, 赵晓霞, 等. 秸秆还田量对免耕黑土速效养分和玉米产量的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2010, 18(2): 81-84.
曹庆军, 杨粉团, 孔凡丽, 等. 秸秆全量还田条耕种植模式对春玉米出苗质量与产量的影响[J]. 东北农业科学, 2020, 45(3): 6-11.
安俊朋, 李从锋, 齐华, 等. 秸秆条带还田对东北春玉米产量、土壤水氮及根系分布的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2018, 44(5): 774-782.
黄健, 王爱文, 张艳茹, 等. 玉米宽窄行轮换种植、条带深松、留高茬新耕作制对土壤性状的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2002(3): 168-171.
王秀珍, 邱立春. 中耕深松对土壤蓄水及玉米根系生长的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2011, 42(5): 630-633.
Wang H B, Zhao L P, Liang W J. Effect of tillage systems on soil profile construction and aggregate stability in the Songliao Plain Cornbelt[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2011, 130/134: 3693-3696.
Dai J J, Zhang Y F, Wang X C, et al. Effects of straw returning with different tillage patterns on corn yield and nitrogen utilization[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition), 2020, 27(2): 17-24.
Wang Q J, Lu C Y, Li H W, et al. The effects of no-tillage with subsoiling on soil properties and maize yield: 12-year experiment on alkaline soils of northeast China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2014, 137: 43-49.
贺美, 王迎春, 王立刚, 等. 不同耕作措施对黑土碳排放和活性碳库的影响. 土壤通报, 2016, 47(5): 1195-1202.
李嵩, 韩巍, 张凯, 等. 不同耕作方式对辽西褐土物理性状及玉米根系分布的影响. 玉米科学, 2020, 28(6): 101-106.
栾天浩, 刘云强, 高阳, 等. 不同秸秆还田方式对玉米产量及土壤理化性质的影响. 东北农业科学, 2020, 45(6): 64-67, 77.
蔡红光, 梁尧, 闫孝贡, 等. 东北黑土区秸秆不同还田方式下玉米产量及养分累积特征. 玉米科学, 2016, 24(5): 68-74.
邹文秀, 韩晓增, 陆欣春, 等. 肥沃耕层构建对东北黑土区旱地土壤肥力和玉米产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(12): 4134-4146.
姜英, 王峥宇, 廉宏利, 等. 耕作和秸秆还田方式对东北春玉米吐丝期根系特征及产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(15): 3071-3082.
韩晓增, 邹文秀, 王凤仙, 等. 黑土肥沃耕层构建效应. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(12): 2996-3002.
王秋菊, 刘峰, 高中超, 等. 黑土立体休闲技术改土增产效果. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(6): 100-106.
张文可, 苏思慧, 隋鹏祥, 等. 秸秆还田模式对东北春玉米根系分布和水分利用效率的影响. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(8): 2300-2308.
白伟, 张立祯, 逄焕成, 等. 秸秆还田配施氮肥对东北春玉米光合性能和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(12): 1845-1855.
吕艳杰, 于海燕, 姚凡云, 等. 秸秆还田与施氮对黑土区春玉米田产量、温室气体排放及土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2016, 24(11): 1456-1463.
朱宝国, 张春峰, 贾会彬, 等. 秸秆心土混合犁改良白浆土效果[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(15): 57-63.
朱宝国, 张春峰, 贾会彬, 等. 深翻结合心土与不同改土物料混合改良白浆土的效果[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(14): 107-114.
李华, 逄焕成, 任天志, 等. 深旋松耕作法对东北棕壤物理性状及春玉米生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(3): 647-656.
邹文秀, 韩晓增, 陆欣春, 等. 施入不同土层的秸秆腐殖化特征及对玉米产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(2): 563-570.
王秋菊, 刘峰, 高中超, 等. 心土培肥犁改良瘠薄土壤的效果[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(6): 27-33.
孟凯, 张兴义, 隋跃宇, 等. 东北北部农田黑土障碍因子调控措施试验[J]. 农业系统科学与综合研究, 2003(1): 43-45, 49.
刘春光, 任英, 刘双利, 等. 东北春玉米区不同耕作方式对玉米磷素积累分配的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2017, 25(2): 117-122.
范围, 吴景贵, 李建明, 等. 秸秆均匀还田对东北地区黑钙土土壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2018, 55(4): 835-846.