%0 Journal Article %T 潮土肥力演变与施肥作用的长期定位试验初报 %T A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON LONG-TERM STATIONARY EXPERIMENT ON FERTILITY EVOLUTION OF FLUVO-AQUIC SOIL AND THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION %A 钦绳武 %A 顾益初 %A 朱兆良 %A Qin Sheng wu %A Gu Yi chu %A Zhu Zhao liang %J 土壤学报 %J ACTA PEDOLOGICA SINICA %@ 0564-3929 %V 35 %N 3 %D 1998 %P 367-375 %K 潮土;肥料;长期定位试验 %K Fluvo-aquic soil;Fertilizer;Long-term stationary experiment %X 1989-1994年在河南封丘潮土上,对几种主要肥料的效益,以及不同施肥条件对土壤养分供应能力的影响进行了长期定位试验。试验结果表明:潮土的生产潜力很大,贫瘠的潮土单施N肥或P肥收效甚微。只要N、P肥配合施用,其交互增产作用极显著。如一旦停止施肥,产量又将急剧下降到很低水平。在富K的潮土上,连续五年不施K肥和有机肥,对小麦产量尚不构成影响。然而耕层土壤中的速效K以每年3.8mg/kg的速度下降,已接近临界水平。定位试验中测得N、P肥五年的累计利用率远高于单季试验的结果,分别为57.2%和43.8%。在当前施肥模式和产量水平下,大多数潮土中的N、P养分和有机质都略有盈余,而K素养分则普遍亏缺。 %X A long-term stationary experiment was designed to determine crop responses to several major fertilizers in fluvo-aquic soils and the effect of fertilization models on soil nutrient supply. Results showed that fluvo-aquic soil had a great production potential. But on infertile fluvo-aquic soil, crop response to single N or P fertilizer was very limited. When they were applied in combination, the effect of their interaction on crop yield became significant. Once fertilization stopped, crop yield dropped down drastically to a very low level. On K-rich fluvo-aquic soil, the practice of no application of K and organic manure for 5 years did not cause any threat to crop yield. However, the readily available K in the plowed layer decreased at a rate of 3.8 mg/kg per annum, approaching the critical level. The long-term experiment also showed that the cumulative recovery rates of N and P fertilizers in the 5 years, 57.2% and 43.8% repectively, were much higher than the results in a single cropping experiment. With the current fertilization models and crop yield level, little surpluses of N and P nutrients and organic metter exited in most fluvo-aquic soils, whereas K deficit occurred in almost all the fluvo-aquic soils. %R 10.11766/trxb199611180311 %U http://pedologica.issas.ac.cn/trxb/home %1 JIS Version 3.0.0