%0 Journal Article %T 空心莲子草根系分泌物对无机磷细菌的负化感效应 %T Negative Allelopathic Effects of Root Exudate of Alternanthera Philoxeroides on Growth and Phosphate Dissolution of Inorganic Phosphorus Bacteria %A 王玉书 %A 刘 海 %A 袁 玲 %A WANG,Yushu %A LIU,Hai %A YUAN,Ling %J 土壤学报 %J ACTA PEDOLOGICA SINICA %@ 0564-3929 %V 54 %N 6 %D 2017 %P 1486-1496 %K 空心莲子草;化感效应;无机磷细菌 %K Alternanthera philoxeroides;Allelopathy; Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria %X 空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides Griseb)是全球难以根除的恶性杂草,能在有效磷较低的土壤中生长。了解空心莲子草对微生物转化土壤无机磷的影响,有益于揭示其入侵机制。利用固、液培养技术,以3株(B05、B07和B09)能溶解无机磷的伯克霍尔德氏菌(BurkholderiaYabunchi)为材料,研究了空心莲子草根系分泌物(Exudates from A. philoxeroides roots,EAR)对其生长繁殖和溶磷的化感作用。结果表明,在固体培养时,随EAR浓度提高,无机磷细菌(Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria,PSB)的菌落直径、溶磷圈直径和溶磷指数降低;在液体培养基中,EAR不同程度地抑制PSB繁殖生长,数量减少48.13%~73.03%。供试菌株均能分泌氢离子、草酸和柠檬酸,其中B05和B09还分别能分泌乙酸和苹果酸,B07能分泌乙酸和丁二酸,草酸和柠檬酸共占有机酸分泌总量的66.02%~74.72%。此外,有机酸分泌总量和氢离子分泌量分别与溶磷量呈显著正相关,相关系数依次为0.836和0.947(p<0.05,n=12)。EAR显著抑制PSB分泌有机酸和氢离子,与此同时溶磷量降低11.41%~47.32%。因此,EAR对PSB呈负化感效应,不同程度地抑制PSB繁殖生长、有机酸和氢离子分泌及无机磷溶解。 %X 【Objective】Alternanthera philoxeroides Griseb, a kind of ill weed hard to eliminate in the world, is able to grow in both soils and waters low in available phosphorus (P) and now widely distributed in over twenty provinces (regions or municipalities) in this country, causing enormous hazard to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and aquiculture. It is, therefore, essential to get to know how the weed affects microbes transforming inorganic P in soil. Hopefully, the knowledge will help understand its invasive mechanism, and serve as a scientific basis for effective control of the weed.【Method】 Plants of A. philoxeroides were gathered and cultured in deionized water (fresh root weight : deionized water volume = 1 : 1.5) for 48 hours formed of two cycles of day and night, 12 hours each shift, at 25℃2 ℃with light intensity being 15000 Lex in the day shift. Then the plants were removed, leaving the water as root exudate solution of the plant for the follow-on experiment, which was designed to have two types of culture media, liquid and solid, inoculated with three P-dissolving strains of Burkholderia Yabunchi (B05, B07 and B09) and then amended with the root exudate solution atexudates of A. philoxeroides roots(EAR )0.000 (CK), 0.013, 0.025, and 0.050 g ml-1, separately. Bacterial colonies on the solid media were measured for diameters and diameters of their P-dissolving rings and then P-dissolving indexes worked out. And the liquid media were analyzed for proton, organic acids, and dissolved phosphorus with a pH meter, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the molybdenum blue colorimetric method, separately.【Result】Bacterial colonies, P-dissolving rings and P-dissolving indexes in the solid culture media decreased with increasing EAR concentration. The effect on was found the highest with Strain B09, which was followed by Strain B05 and B07. In the solid culture media amended with EAR 0.050 g ml-1 of the root exudate, bacterial colonies decreased by 40.32%~50.00% in diameter, by 49.09%~67.98%in diameter of P-dissolving rings, and by 9.86%~27.38% in P-dissolving index. Growth of the PSB in the liquid culture media was also inhibited by EAR in varying degrees, and hence their populations reduced by 48.13%~73.03%. In the liquid culture media amended with EAR 0.050 g ml-1, the amount of P dissolved by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) decreased by 47.32% (B05), 11.43% (B07) and 36.00% (B09) as compared with the control. All the three tested strains of bacteria released protons, oxalate and citrate into culture solutions. Besides these, acetate was also found in the culture solution of B05, malate of B09, and acetate and succinate of B07. Oxalate and citrate together accounted for 66.02%~74.72% of total organic acids released from PSB. In addition, the content of inorganic P dissolved by the bacteria was positively related to the efflux of proton (r = 0.836, p< 0.05, n = 12) and total organic acids (r= 0.947, p< 0.05, n = 12). EAR inhibited significantly the release of protons and organic acids from PSB and hence the dissolution of P remarkably.【Conclusion】Obviously EAR has some negative allelopathic effects on PSB, which are reflected in inhibiting reproduction and growth of the bacteria, their release of protons and organic acids, and P-solubilization in varying degrees. In the invasive process of A. philoxeroides, EAR might inhibit PSB solubilizing inorganic P in the soil, thus hindering P mobilization in the soil and reducing P supply to other plants. In contrast, A. philoxeroides is able to absorb P efficiently through its root high in affinity with P to satisfy its own P requirement, which favors multiplication of its own population, competition for P with other plants and formation of pure A. philoxeroides communities. %R 10.11766/trxb201705180092 %U http://pedologica.issas.ac.cn/trxb/home %1 JIS Version 3.0.0