%0 Journal Article %T 长期三水平磷肥施用梯度对砂姜黑土细菌群落结构和酶活性的影响 %T Effect of Long-term Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Enzymatic Activity in Lime Concretion Black Soil Relative to P Application Rate %A 马 垒 %A 郭志彬 %A 王道中 %A 赵炳梓 %A MA,Lei %A GUO,Zhibin %A WANG,Daozhong %A ZHAO,Bingzi %J 土壤学报 %J ACTA PEDOLOGICA SINICA %@ 0564-3929 %V 56 %N 6 %D 2019 %P 1459-1470 %K 砂姜黑土;磷肥;高通量测序;微生物群落;酶活性 %K Lime concretion black soil; Phosphate; High-throughput sequencing; Microbial community; Enzymatic activity %X 磷素缺乏是砂姜黑土区作物生产的重要限制因子,然而不同磷肥施用量如何影响微生物群落结构尚不清楚。以安徽蒙城氮磷钾肥肥效长期定位试验为平台,选取P0(不施磷肥)、P1(P2O5 45 kg•hm-2)和P2(P2O5 90 kg•hm-2)三个磷肥施用梯度,明确土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性及细菌群落结构之间关系。研究表明长期施用磷肥显著提升土壤肥力:与P0相比,P2处理土壤有机碳、可溶性有机碳、全磷、有效磷和铵态氮分别增长10.33%、31.36%、40.00%、384.19%和79.49%。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)是砂姜黑土中的优势菌,相对丰度分别为40.16%、19.75%和14.91%。长期施用磷肥可显著提高细菌多样性,改变细菌群落结构:P1和P2处理中的香农指数分别较P0处理提高2.49%和4.52%;具有溶磷作用的3个门(放线菌门、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes))和3个属( TerracoccusFlavisolibacterArthrobacter)相对丰度随磷肥施入而显著升高,而一些寡营养型细菌(绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia))、具有反硝化作用(KaistobacterRhodanobacter)和固氮作用(BradyrhizobiumBurkholderia)的细菌相对丰度则在P2处理中显著降低。主坐标和多元回归树分析表明可溶性有机碳和全磷是导致不同磷肥处理中细菌群落结构差异的主要因素。β-葡糖苷酶、蛋白酶和脱氢酶等活性均随磷肥施入量增加而显著升高,酸性磷酸酶活性则没有显著变化。上述四种酶活性均与拟杆菌门、Flavisolibacter属等在施磷处理中富集的微生物成显著正相关。以上结果表明长期施用磷肥导致的土壤理化性质变化驱动土壤细菌群落变化,从而提高与碳氮循环转化相关微生物活性,其中可溶性有机碳和全磷是导致细菌群落结构改变的关键理化因子。 %X 【Objective】Soil phosphorus is a major nutrient essential for plant growth and plays an important role in achieving high crop yields. Application of chemical phosphorus fertilizer is a common agricultural strategy to improve phosphate availability in lime concretion black soil, where shortage of soil phosphate is a limiting factor in agricultural production. Numerous studies have been done addressing effects of phosphorus application on crop yield and soil fertility, but few are found in the literature about the effects of long-term phosphorus application on diversity and composition of soil microbial community in lime concretion black soil. The overall object of this study was to investigate relationships between soil nutrient availability, soil enzymatic activity and soil bacterial community as affected by phosphorus application strategy. 【Method】A long-term P-fertilizer application field experiment, designed to have three treatments in P fertilizer application rate, that is P0 (No phosphorus applied); P1 (P2O5 45 kg•hm-2 applied) and P2 (P2O5 90 kg•hm-2 applied), was conducted in a tract of lime concretion black soil in the Mengcheng, Anhui. The technology of high-throughput sequencing of V4-V5 16s rRNA gene region was used to character bacterial community diversity and composition relative to phosphorus application rate. Activities of β-glucosidase, Protease, Acid phosphatase and Dehydrogenase were measured to represent functions of the soil bacterial community. 【Result】 Results show that after 21 years of phosphorus application improved soil fertilizer significantly. Compared with P0, P2 was 10.33%, 31.36%, 40.00%, 384.19% and 79.49% higher in content of soil organic carbon, soil dissolved organic carbon, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and ammonium, respectively. The significant improvement in soil nutrient in turn altered composition of the soil bacterial community. The diversity (Shannon index) of soil bacteria improved by 2.49% and 4.52% in P1 and P2, respectively. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria used to be the dominant phyla in the lime concretion black soil, accounting for 40.16%, 19.75% and 14.91% in relative abundance, respectively. Principal coordinate and Adonis analysis reveals significant differences between the treatments in structure of the soil bacterial community. In the soils applied with phosphate, phosphate-solubilizing bactria, including three phyla, i.e. Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes, and three genera, i.e. Terracoccus, Flavisolibacterand Arthrobacter, increased significantly, whereas oligotrophic bacteria, including two phyla, i.e. Chloroflexi and Verrucomicrobia, denitrifying bacteria, including two genera, i.e. Kaistobacter and Rhodanobacter, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, including two genera, i.e. Bradyrhizobium and Burkholderia, decreased significantly in relative abundance. Canonical analysis of principal coordinate (CAP) and multivariate regression tree analysis (MRT) reveals that soil bacterial community composition was significantly related to contents of soil dissolved organic carbon and total phosphate in the treatments applied with phosphorus. As expected, long-term phosphorus application increased the activities of β-glucosidase, Protease and Dehydrogenase, while phosphorus application had no significant effects on the activity of acid phosphatase. The above-described four soil enzymes were all significantly and positively related in activity to relative abundance of the bacteria (i.e., Bacteroidetes and Flavisolibacter) enriched in the soils applied with phosphorus. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that long-term phosphorus application can improve soil fertility, increase microbial diversity, alter soil bacterial community structure and enrich phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, which in turn, increase soil enzyme activities in lime concretion black soil. %R 10.11766/trxb201805080149 %U http://pedologica.issas.ac.cn/trxb/home %1 JIS Version 3.0.0