Microbe-dominated anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM)is a pathway of methane (CH₄) oxidation that has long been a frontier research hot spot of great significance for controlling CH₄ emission in global wetlands. This paper introduces four AOM pathways, including Sulphate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (SAMO), Denitrification-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO), Metal oxide driven anaerobic methane oxidation (Metal-AOM) and direct intermediate electron transfer type of anaerobic methane oxidation (DIET). Among them, SAMO takes SO₄^2- as the final electron acceptor of AOM, while DAMO does NO₂^-/ NO₃^- and Metal-AOM does iron/manganese metal ions/oxides, but DIET does not require any intermediate products. Besides, the review elaborates in detial relevant researches on main functional microbial groups, discusses potential reaction mechanisms and process that may occur in AOM, elaborates molecular biology methods commonly used to analyze and determine structures and abundances of microbical communities, and presents a list of marker genes of several major functional microbial groups. At the end, the paper describes prospects of the researches on mechanisms of wetland environmental factors affecting AOM microbes, enrichment culturing of functional microbes and wetland soil microbes participating in controlling environmental pollution. This paper may provide certain a microbiological reference for further researches on carbon and nitrogen recycling in global wetlands.