Effect of Straw Biochar on Utilization of Soil Phosphorus and Growth of Bok Choi in Greenhouse in Dianchi Lake Basin
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Supported by the National Water Pollution Control Science and Technology Major Projects (No. 2012ZX01702-003), the Talents Program of Science and Technology Innovation of Yunnan Province in China (No. 2015HC018) and the Key Projects of the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province in China (No.2009CC006)

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    Abstract:

    【Objective】Lake Dianchi is a lake the most serious in eutrophication in China. Most of the phosphorus applied in farmlands in the Dianchi Lake watershed is finally imported into the Lake, which is an important reason for eutrophication of the Lake. Biochar as a soil amendment can be used to improve soil physical and chemical properties, adsorb soil phosphate, and hence reduce phosphorus loss from the soil. In order to improve bio-availability of soil phosphorus, increase yield of crops, reduce phosphorus pollution of the soil and the environment, and provide a theoretical basis for management and application of biochar in the soil environment, this study was carried out. 【Method】In this study, an indoor simulation and greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to explore effects of biochar on loss and utilization of phosphorus in the production of bok choi and yield of the crop. The experiment was designed to have a gradient of five levels of biochar application rate, and four levels of phosphate application rate, thus making up 20 treatments and three replicates for each. Bok choi was planted in single-compartment planting boxes in a greenhouse. Each box contained 5 kg of soil and had 8 bok choi plants. After the application of biochar, the soils in the boxes were analyzed for total phosphorus and available phosphorus, separately and ratio of the two calculated. After the plants were harvested, the soils in the boxes were analyzed again for fertilizer utilization efficiency and phosphorus loss and effects of the biochar. On D3 (Three days after sowing), germination rate and cotyledon flattening rate of the plants were measured. On D10, D20, D30 and D40, plant height and plant weight was checked of the plants harvested, and effects of the biochar on growth of bok choi were analyzed. After harvesting of the crop, effect of the biochar on yield of bok choi analyzed, calculated and converted into yield per hectare. 【Result】Application of biochar may improve P utilization efficiency of bok choi in greenhouse. In the treatment, 8% in biochar application rate and 33 kg hm-2,(1/2 of the conventional rate) in P2O5 application rate, P fertilizer utilization efficiency increased from 14.77% up to 31.21% or by 111.3%, thus reducing P loss by 43.83%, and germination rate of the crop increased by 7%~ 9%, cotyledons flattening rate by 10%~ 12%, plant height by 69.51%, plant weight by 71.75% and yield by 31.87%. The effect of biochar on plant height appeared the most significantly during the period of D20 ~ D40 and that on plant weight did during the period of D30 ~ D40. 【Conclusion】The application of 8% corn stalk-derived biochar can increase the content of soil available phosphorus in greenhouse, reduce the loss of phosphorus, improve the growth of bok chai Therefore, it can be used as a good soil amendment in greenhouse.

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BAO Li, LIU Huijian, DENG Hong, HUANG Weiheng, ZHANG Naiming, DONG Xinxing. Effect of Straw Biochar on Utilization of Soil Phosphorus and Growth of Bok Choi in Greenhouse in Dianchi Lake Basin[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(4):815-824.

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History
  • Received:August 29,2017
  • Revised:January 23,2018
  • Adopted:February 01,2018
  • Online: April 24,2018
  • Published: