【Objective】Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) has been proven to be a promising non-chemical environment-friendly method to control soil-borne diseases, plant parasitic nematodes and weeds, especially in horticulture. However, it is still not so clear about mechanisms of the effects. In this paper, both pot and field experiments were conducted to study the effects of ASD on tomato bacterial wilt (a kind of soil-borne disease), structure and diversity of soil microbial community, soil properties and crop growth, in an attempt to elucidate mechanisms of ASD controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil health.【Method】The pot experiment was designed to have five treatments anaerobically disinfected, i.e. Treatment DRB (addition of rice bran), Treatment DWB (addition of wheat bran), Treatment DTB (addition of tea seed bran), Treatment DRS (addition of straw) and Treatment D (addition of none), and one control (CK); and the field experiment had only four treatments, i.e., DRB, DWB, DTB and CK. Effects of the treatments on incidence of wilt, amount of the pathogen, crop growth, soil physiochemical properties (soil pH, Eh, temperature, conductivity) were analyzed. Furthermore, 16S rDNA gene (V3+V4 region) sequencing was done to analyze the composition of soil bacterial community relative to treatment.【Result】Results show that compared with CK, ASD inhibited bacterial wilt by 100% in all the four treatments added with organic material, and by 83.3% in Treatment D. All the treatments, except for Treatment DRB, significantly promoted tomato growth. ASD significantly increased soil temperature, soil pH and conductivity, but reduced soil Eh and decreased the population of Ralstonia solanacearum in the soil by 97.3% ~ 99.1%. Compared with CK, ASD reduced incidence of the disease by 29.4 ~ 42.7% and increased yield of the crop by 2.5~4.7 times. Sequencing of 16s rDNA gene shows that CK and Treatments D and DRB were higher than Treatments DWB, DTB and DRS in bacterial diversity (Shannon index, Simpson index, ACE and Chao 1 index). Principal component analysis and cluster analysis show that the treatments varied sharply in species, abundance and diversity of soil bacteria community. Treatments DWB, DTB and DRS were lower in relative abundance of Crenarchaeota, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria in treatments were reduced compared with CK and Treatments D and DRB, but significantly higher in Firmicutes (mostly anaerobic bacteria), which became the dominant species in the soil bacterial community in Treatments DRB, DWB, DTB and DRS. Besides, ASD significantly decreased the relative abundance of Burkholderiaceae and Ralstonia.【Conclusion】 ASD is an effective approach to control soil-borne bacterial wilt, and improve soil quality and crop productivity. ASD coupled with addition of organic materials significantly changed the soil bacterial community in structure, composition and diversity, and significantly increased the abundance of anaerobic and anaerobically tolerant bacteria, which may be one of the mechanisms of ASD preventing and controlling bacterial wilt.