【Objective】Soil phosphorus is a major nutrient essential for plant growth and plays an important role in achieving high crop yields. Application of chemical phosphorus fertilizer is a common agricultural strategy to improve phosphate availability in lime concretion black soil, where shortage of soil phosphate is a limiting factor in agricultural production. Numerous studies have been done addressing effects of phosphorus application on crop yield and soil fertility, but few are found in the literature about the effects of long-term phosphorus application on diversity and composition of soil microbial community in lime concretion black soil. The overall object of this study was to investigate relationships between soil nutrient availability, soil enzymatic activity and soil bacterial community as affected by phosphorus application strategy. 【Method】A long-term P-fertilizer application field experiment, designed to have three treatments in P fertilizer application rate, that is P0 (No phosphorus applied); P1 (P₂O₅ 45 kg•hm^-2 applied) and P2 (P₂O₅ 90 kg•hm^-2 applied), was conducted in a tract of lime concretion black soil in the Mengcheng, Anhui. The technology of high-throughput sequencing of V4-V5 16s rRNA gene region was used to character bacterial community diversity and composition relative to phosphorus application rate. Activities of β-glucosidase, Protease, Acid phosphatase and Dehydrogenase were measured to represent functions of the soil bacterial community. 【Result】 Results show that after 21 years of phosphorus application improved soil fertilizer significantly. Compared with P0, P2 was 10.33%, 31.36%, 40.00%, 384.19% and 79.49% higher in content of soil organic carbon, soil dissolved organic carbon, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and ammonium, respectively. The significant improvement in soil nutrient in turn altered composition of the soil bacterial community. The diversity (Shannon index) of soil bacteria improved by 2.49% and 4.52% in P1 and P2, respectively. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria used to be the dominant phyla in the lime concretion black soil, accounting for 40.16%, 19.75% and 14.91% in relative abundance, respectively. Principal coordinate and Adonis analysis reveals significant differences between the treatments in structure of the soil bacterial community. In the soils applied with phosphate, phosphate-solubilizing bactria, including three phyla, i.e. Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes, and three genera, i.e. Terracoccus, Flavisolibacterand Arthrobacter, increased significantly, whereas oligotrophic bacteria, including two phyla, i.e. Chloroflexi and Verrucomicrobia, denitrifying bacteria, including two genera, i.e. Kaistobacter and Rhodanobacter, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, including two genera, i.e. Bradyrhizobium and Burkholderia, decreased significantly in relative abundance. Canonical analysis of principal coordinate (CAP) and multivariate regression tree analysis (MRT) reveals that soil bacterial community composition was significantly related to contents of soil dissolved organic carbon and total phosphate in the treatments applied with phosphorus. As expected, long-term phosphorus application increased the activities of β-glucosidase, Protease and Dehydrogenase, while phosphorus application had no significant effects on the activity of acid phosphatase. The above-described four soil enzymes were all significantly and positively related in activity to relative abundance of the bacteria (i.e., Bacteroidetes and Flavisolibacter) enriched in the soils applied with phosphorus. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that long-term phosphorus application can improve soil fertility, increase microbial diversity, alter soil bacterial community structure and enrich phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, which in turn, increase soil enzyme activities in lime concretion black soil.