【Objective】Soil microbes are key factors affecting material recycling and energy flow in the soil micro-environment. To explore impacts of vegetation, relative to forest type, on topsoil microbes in community structure and abundance, soil samples were collected from woodlots, different in type, i.e. coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, mixed broadleaf-conifer forest and, P. pubescen forest, in the Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve for analysis. 【Method】 To analyze the soil samples, multiple molecular techniques, such as Clone library, qPCR and (T-RFLP (Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis), and conventional soil physical-chemical property analysis procedures were used.【Result】1) Among the soils under four types of forest vegetations, the soil coniferous forest was the lowest in microbial copy number, and bacteria were higher in copy number of 16S rRNA gene than the other two types of soil microbes (archaea and fungi) and were the most remarkably by vegetation (P<0.05). Meanwhile, Pearson correlation analysis of microbial copy number and soil physical-chemical properties shows that bacteria and archaea was significantly related to pH (r=0.607，P<0.05) and water content (r=-0.919，P<0.01), respectively, in copy number. 2) Based on the T-RFLP fingerprint, the α-diversity index of the soil bacterial community structure shows that fungi was the highest in community structure diversity, while archaea was the lowest and significantly influenced by vegetation (P<0.05). Non-metric Multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and Heatmap analysis both show significant difference in soil microbial community structure existing between the soils under different vegetation (P<0.05), with the bacteria and fungus in the coniferous forest soil being particularly unique in community structure. 3) All the soils had their own dominant groups of soil microbes which varied with vegetation, especially, the soil under P. pubescen forest being the most distinct. And 4) Redundancy analysis (RDA) shows that community structures of the three species of soils microbes were all significantly affected by pH, potassium and phosphorus (P<0.05).【Conclusion】In the Jinyun Mountains, variation of vegetation affects significantly the topsoil microbes (bacteria, fungus and archaea) significantly in community structure and abundance. The above research is better to understand the relationship between soil microorganisms and forest productivity and its development and succession, and further to provide scientific basis for the protection and sustainable management of natural forests.