【Objective】Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the most widely distributed plant symbiotic fungi in nature. They can form symbiont with cryptogam in biological soil crust (BSC), which is of great significance to the restoration and succession of desert vegetation. However, there are few studies on AMF community structure and diversity in different BSCs types, which limited the understanding of the roles of AMF community in the development of BSCs and its contribution to desert ecosystems. So, will the changes of BSC type affect the community characteristics of AMF complexes in desert ecosystems? 【Method】 In view of the problems mentioned above, this study was based on enclosed revegetation sites in the southeast fridge of the Tengger Desert located at the Shapotou Desert Research &Experiment Station, with the lichen and moss crusts and their underlying soils as the research object. We used high-throughput sequencing technologies studied the AMF community structure composition and diversity of lichen, moss crusts and their underlying soils, and to determine whether different BSCs types will cause differences in AMF community characteristics. 【Result】 The following results were obtained. AMF community richness and diversity index of the underlying soils of moss crusts were the largest and the underlying soils of lichen crusts were the smallest. The AMF community diversity of the underlying soils of moss crusts is significantly different from other groups. The richness and diversity of AMF community of underlying soils were higher than crusts layers, and moss crusts was higher than lichen cursts. The AMF in the lichen and moss crusts and their underlying soils consisted by Glomeromycetes, Glomeromycota. At the genus level，one unclassified species (g_unclassified_c_Glomeromycetes, 6.69%-99.99%) and Glomus (19.55%-47.18%), Paraglomus (0.01%-20.91%), Scutellospora (13.37%) and Gigaspora (7.72%) were the dominant species, and the species that could be classified into Diversisporaceae (g_unclassified_f_Diversisporaceae, 4.13%) were quite limited in percentage. The species of AMF community in the lichen crusts and their underlying soils were exactly the same in composition, but their relative abundance was different. Compared with lichen crusts and their underlying soils, only the species of Glomeromycetes and Glomus were found in the moss crusts, and the species of Paraglomus could not be found. Except for species that appeared in the other samples, there were also found an unclassified Diversisporaceae species and Paraglomus, Scutellospora, Gigaspora in the underlying soils of moss crusts. The species of the unclassified Glomeromycota and Glomus were coexisted in all samples, but the relative abundance was different, which indicates that they belonged to the dominant fungi in the BSCs of this area. The species of Glomus were found in the underlying soils of lichen and moss crusts, and the difference between them was not significant, but there were significant differences with lichen and moss crusts, which suggested that Paraglomus may be the plant symbiotic fungi in the surrounding environment. 【Conclusion】 With the development of BSCs, the diversity of AMF community increased, and the succession of BSC and diversity of AMF communities can promote each other.