【Objective】Yellow soil, an important arable land resource, is extensively distributed in Chongqing. However, so far, little is known about its pedogenetic process and attribution in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy. The aim of the study was to make up the missing knowledge in this aspect. 【Method】In this study, 5 soil profiles were prepared in 4 plots of yellow soils developed separately from different parent material (Quaternary Pleistocene old alluvial deposits, sandstone weathering of Xujiahe Formation, limestone weathering and purple rock weathering) for analysis of soil forming environment, morphological characteristics and physico-chemical properties, to determine pedogenetic processes of the soils. 【Result】Results show that in the Chongqing area, yellow soil that developed from sandstone of Xujiahe Formation was quite high in desilication and aluminumation degree of soils, followed by the soils developed from purple rock, and those developed from Quaternary Pleistocene old alluvial deposits and limestone were relatively low in desilication and aluminumation. Comparatively, soils developed from sandstone weathering of Xujiahe Formation were more typical, which distributed in the altitude of 350~1 300 m. Correlation analysis of pH with clay SiO2/Al2O3 shows the coefficient was 0.71, reaching up to a significant level (P<0.05), which meant that pH would regulate desilication and aluminumation of the yellow soils. And Fed/FeT in the soil was 50%~60%, this may because the climate in Guizhou was more humid and cold. 【Conclusion】By referring to “Keys to the Chinese Soil Taxonomy (third Edition)”, the 5 profiles were found to have the following diagnostic horizons and characteristics: ochric epipedon, cambic horizon, argic horizon, udic soil moisture regime, redox features, mesic soil temperature regime, ferric property and alic evidence. The 5 profiles could tentatively be sorted into the soil orders of argosols and cambosols, and further into 3 suborders, 5 groups and 5 subgroups. Reference studies of the 5 soil profiles between various soil classification systems shows that the Chinese Soil Genetic Classification and the Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST) do not have any simple one to one corresponding relationships, as for yellow soil in the Chinese Soil Genetic Classification, certain discriminations begin to appear at the genus and species levels, while CST demands soil information more quantified, and hence is more accurate in classification. And the reference between CST and World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) shows that the soils belonged to argosols of CST were Luvisols and Alisols in the first level of WRB separately, and the soils belonged to Cambosols of CST were also Cambisols of WRB.