【Objective】Tea is the most important non-alcoholic beverage crop in the world. To meet increasing demand of the market, tea production is intensified through nutrient management. Anxi County in China is one of the main regions producing famous oolong tea—Tieguanyin, where lagging nutrient management is the bottleneck of tea production. This study aims to provide a scientific basis for nutrient management in Anxi tea plantations, through comprehensive analysis of effects of nutrient management modes on plantation soil fertility and tea leaf quality. 【Method】 In 2015, tea and soil samples were collected from 50 representative tea plantations in the ten major tea production towns of Anxi County, including 150 fresh tea leaf samples, 50 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) and 46 profile soil samples (top: 0-20, mid: 20-40, sub: 40-60 cm). The soil samples were air-dried and ground for determination of soil pH, organic matter (OM), alkali nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK), the five indices set as soil fertility parameters in this study, and the tea leaf samples were analyzed on UPLC-MS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry) for determination of contents of nine main tea-quality-related secondary metabolites. By N fertilization rate, the 50 tea plantations were tentatively divided into three groups: low, moderate and excess. 【Result】 Based on the division, restricted principal axis analysis shows that nutrient management significantly explained 34.4% of the overall differences in topsoil fertility between the tea plantations (P<0.001), which further confirmed that the classification by N fertilization rate could represent the comprehensive level of nutrient management of a tea garden. The tea plantations of the moderate group significantly differed from those of the low and excess groups in soil fertility in the top and mid soil layers, but did not so obviously in the sub soil layer. Nutrient management had the most significant effect on AP among the five soil fertility indices in the topsoil, which was followed by AK, AN and OM, and excess fertilization resulted in severe soil acidification. Further analysis shows that nutrient management significantly affected tea quality and explained 7.48% of the differences in the comprehensive tea quality between the groups (P<0.001). The tea leaves from the plantations of the moderate group were the high in content of secondary metabolites, and so the best in tea quality. 【Conclusion】 On the whole, nutrient management does not only affect soil fertility in the tea plantations in Anxi, but also influence quality of the Tieguanyin produced therein. Either excess or less fertilization is not suitable for production of high quality tea leaves. A proper N fertilizer application rate for high-quality tea production in Anxi tea region is recommended to be 200-400 kg·hm^-2·a^-1.