中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径
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农业部“948”项目“土壤养分管理技术引进与建立”(2006-G60)资助


NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCIES OF MAJOR CEREAL CROPS IN CHINA AND MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT
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    摘要:

    总结了近年来在全国粮食主产区进行的1 333个田间试验结果,分析了目前条件下中国主要粮食作物水稻、小麦和玉米氮磷钾肥的偏生产力、农学效率、肥料利用率和生理利用率等,发现水稻、小麦和玉米的氮肥农学效率分别为10.4 kg kg-1、8.0 kg kg-1和9.8 kg kg-1,氮肥利用率分别为28.3%、28.2%和26.1%,远低于国际水平,与20世纪80年代相比呈下降趋势。造成肥料利用率低的主要原因包括高产农田过量施肥,忽视土壤和环境养分的利用,作物产量潜力未得到充分发挥以及养分损失未能得到有效阻控等。要大幅度提高肥料利用率就必须从植物营养学、土壤学、农学等多学科联合攻关入手,充分利用来自土壤和环境的养分资源,实现根层养分供应与高产作物需求在数量上匹配、时间上同步、空间上一致,同时提高作物产量和养分利用效率,协调作物高产与环境保护。

    Abstract:

    Nutrient use efficiency is an important index not only for fertilizer recomm endation on the field scale but also for forecasting fertilizer demand on the regional and national scales,however,exact nutrient use efficiencies of the major cereal crops in China are not well known yet.In this paper,data from 1 333 field experiments were collected and used for analysis and evaluation of partial factor productivity(PFP),agronomic efficiency(AE),apparent recovery efficiency (RE)and physiological efficiency(PE)of these crops.Results show that AEN of rice,wheat and maize was 10.4 kg kg-1,7.99 kg kg-1 and 9.80 kg kg-1,respectively,and REN of rice,wheat and maize was 28.3%,28.2% and 26.1%,respectively,obviouslymuch lower than the world's average,whichis attributed to over-use of chemical fertilize,rignorance of contribution of nutrients from the environment and the soil, failure to bring crop yield potential into full play, and inability to inhibit nutrient losses effectively.

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张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,崔振岭,马文奇,陈新平,江荣风.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924. DOI:trxb10.11766/200805200517 Zhang Fusuo, Wang Jiqing, Zhang Weifeng, Cui Zhenling, Ma Wenqi, Chen Xinping, Jiang Rongfeng. NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCIES OF MAJOR CEREAL CROPS IN CHINA AND MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):915-924.

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  • 收稿日期:2008-05-20
  • 最后修改日期:2008-06-06
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-05-10
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