Investigations on the mineralogical properties of the important soils developed on sediments in Northern Honan made by X-ray diffraction, polarizing microscopic egaurination and chemical analysis showed that the mineralogical composition of the soil was closely related to the origin of the sediment materials, but not related to the soil types and the mechanical composition. The main constituent of the clay fraction(<1 micron) of the soils was hydrated micas, at the same time kaolinite, montmorillonite and a few vermiculite were also present. The content of montmorillonite was highest in the soils developed on the sediments of Yellow river, and it was lower in the soils developed on the primary and secondary loess and on the sediments of Zhang river, whereas the least content of montmorillonite was found in the soils developed on the sediments of Xin river.In the coarse soil particles, ranging from 10 to 100 microns, the light minerals were mainily composed of quartz, feldspars and micas. The heavy minerals in this fraction, however, varied with the origin of the soil. Hornblende was predominate in the soils developed on the sedimients of Yellow river, and magnetite in the soils developed on the sediments of Xin river and Zhang river.The paper suggested the possibility of tracing the origin of the soil parent materials, as illustrated in the said areas,by their mineral composition.