In the Tarim basin,one year of rice cultivation on soils of high salinity brought about a decrease in salt content to the extent of 20 to 80%.In the soil profile,desalinization is most remarkable in the ploughed layer.Under equal conditions,the longer the period of rice cultivation is prolonged,the thicker the layer of desalinization is formed.A great changes have taken place in the composition of the soil salts after rice cultivation.In a farm near Aksu,for example,the main component of salt in soil was mainly chlorides,which changed into sulphates ranging from 60 to 90% of total anions after four years of rice cultivation,at the same time,the sodium was replaced by calcium as the main component of cations up to 50-80% of the total cations.The desalinization and changes in the components of the salts after rice cultivation provided a favorable conditions for the succeeding crop.