This paper deals with the forms and content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, available SiO₂ and micronutrients in soils of tropical region in South China according to which fertility of the soils are evaluated. The hyrolyzable N extracted by 6 N HCl in soils under the tropical rain forest and high grass was about 60-80% of the total N, and it was only 30% of the total N in lateritic upland field. It may be because the frequent ploughing on lateritic upland field accelerates the rapid decomposition of nitrogenous compounds in soil. Results of the study are summarized as follows.