Based on investigation of development and balance of farmland ecosystem in alluvial plain of Xuzhou and Huaiyin region, it has been proved that water regulation and management is one of the key measures to control drought, waterlogging, salinization and alkalization of soil and promote agriculture production.But it is obviously that irrigation should be combined with drainage during the processes of regulation and management of water.The ecosystem will be not improved if attention is only paid on irrigation without drainage.Recently, though grain yield of this region stilt increases, conversion efficiency between matter and energy has been decreased markedly.