Although the foundation of soil chemistry is weak in the country, it developed rapidly in last fourty years. The researches covered almost all of the important areas in soil chemistry, but concentrated on soil colloid, ion adsorption and electrochemistry. More attention has peen given to the chemistry of soil fertility. The chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of the major soil types were provided by soil chemists, especially for red earths and paddy soils. However, further progress of soil chemistry is needed for great challenges exist in agriculture production and theoretical problems of soils science in China.