China has got great achievements in agriculture, and the aspects to play a very important role in promoting agricultural production include the advancement of soil and fertilizer science, the transformation from the scientific and technological achievements to the productive forces, and the foster and imporvement of soil fertility, rational exploitation and use of soil resources, and the plant nutrition and fertili.zer application, etc. This article paying a particular attention to the domain of extension of soil and fertilizer science and technology is devided into two parts. One part is the present situation and achievements of soil and fertilizer work in China, looking back over the soil and fertilizer work in the past time, which deals with the basic soil and fertilizer work and science and technology extension. The another part is the tasks of soil and fertilizer work, looking forword to the future prospect and going further into the principal tasks anu measures for science and technology extension during period from the Eighth Fiveyear plan to the end of this century.