Some microelements, such as B, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, etc., are regarded as essential elements to both animals and plants. But applying fertilizer blindly to soils can cause both waste and environmental pollution. In this paper, 32 soil samples were collected and the environmental geochemical characteristics of the aforementioned 6 kinds of microelements were studied in the yellow brown soil, which has the largest distribution area in zonal soils of Hubei Province. The main results are as follow: (1) B, Mn, Fe and Cu are relatively high in total contents, but Mo is lower. The available B, Cu, Zn and Mo are all insufficient. (2) All the microelements are the highest in total content in the subsoil and the highest in available form in the epipedon. (3) The positive correlation between the contents of total and available Zn&Mo arrives to significance or extreme significance level. The posifive correlation between the contents of available B&Mo and pH of the yellow brown soil is proved to be of extreme significance. But for Fe&Zn, the negative correlation is also the same level.The contents of all available microelements except for Fe have significant of extreme significant positive correlation with the organic matter content in the soil. The authors think it necessary to plough deeply and apply organic fertilizer to improve the contents of available microelements in the yellow brown soil.