Soil fertility quality properties were studied by random gridding sampling and analyzing of soils at artificial Chinese fir forest sites with different tree ages in T onggu County and Dexi County, which are majortimber producers in the red soil region of Jiangxi Province.Properties, including litter layer, soil depth, organic matter, total N, CEC, BS, pH and available N, P, K, degraded sharply during the first 6-8 yeas after forestation.With increase in tree ages, these properties recovered slowly.But they were far below their initial levels even when the forests reached their mature stage.This paper concluded that soil fertility quality degradation is unavoidable under the current forestry management practices, and that improving forestation and reforestation methods, establishing proper soil management practices mainly aimed at protecting surface soil under seedling tree, and increasing input to forest soil, are key measures to keep soil quality from degradation.