The effects of tillage and manure application on soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),and microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP)were investigated in a field experiment,which consisted of two main treatments of conventional tillage and zero-tillage and five sub-treatments of control(no fertilizers),chemical fertilizers,chemical fertilizers plus straw,chemical fertilizers plus green manure,and chemical fertilizers plus pig manure and had continued for 16 years at the farm of Jurong Agricultural Science Institute.The crop rotation of the experiment was summer rice(Oryza Sativa L.)and winter wheat(Triticum aestivum).The results showed that MBC and MBN in zero-tillage treatment increased by 25.4% and 45.4%,respectively compared to those in conventional tillage treatment in 0~5cm depth layer after 16 years.However,there were no significant differences of MBC,MBN,and MBP in subsoil(5~10cm)between conventional tillage and zero-tillage.Although the application rate of N,P,and K in each sub-treatment were equal,the contents of MBC,MBN,and MBP in 0~5cm and 5~10cm depth layer followed the order in the treatments:fertilizers plus pig manure>fertilizers plus straw>fertilizers plus green manure>chemical fertilizers>control.