This paper deals mainly with soil-forming factors and characters of the mountains in South Anhui. According to the "Chinese Soil Taxonomy(Revised proposal)",and the "Chinese Soil Taxonomy(theory-method-practice)",diagnostic horizons,diagnostic characteristics and attribution in soil taxonomic classification of nineteen soil profiles distributed vertically in the mountain regions.Results showed that Udic Luvisols(Udic Cambisols),perudic Luvisols(perudic Cambisols)and orthic Entisols(perudic Cambisols)were distributed in sequence from foot to top.Comparisons were also made with the soils in the mountain regions in Jiangxi and Fujian in terms of attribution in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy and between attribution of the soils in different soil classification systems.