长效氮肥一次基施对覆膜冬小麦的肥效研究
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* 中国科学院兰州分院择优基金资助项目(编号:LFJ97-04-02)


EFFECTS OF LONG-LASTING NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON PLASTIC MULCHED WINTER WHEAT AS APPLIED BY BASAL DRESSING ALL IN ONE TIME
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    摘要:

    针对地膜覆盖栽培作物因追肥困难引起的生育后期脱肥问题,对不同种类的长效氮肥在覆膜冬小麦上一次基施的肥效进行了田间试验。结果表明,两种长效尿素一次基施分别比普通尿素增产10.5%和12.4%,籽粒氮素利用率提高10.1和10.9个百分点,氮素生产指数提高3.9kg和4.6kg。长效碳铵的肥效和普通尿素相当,比普通碳铵增产6.6%,籽粒氮素利用率提高5.8个百分点,氮生产指数增加2.3kg。在收获前2周进行的部分生物学性状调查结果表明,两种长效尿素处理的小麦绿叶指数和旗叶面积分别比普通尿素增加18.5%、25.9%和34.8%、34.5%;长效碳铵比普通碳铵增加12.3%和42.9%。长效氮肥通过缓慢释放氮素,延缓叶片衰老和增大功能叶面积,从而提高小麦籽粒产量和对化学氮肥的氮素利用率。

    Abstract:

    Insufficient nutrient supply during later growth period in plastic mulched crops has been a big problem since top dressing is unpractical.The effects of different kinds of long-lasting urea (MUA1 and MUA2) and long-lasting ammonium bicarbonate (MAB) on plastic mulched winter wheat were compared with normal urea (UA) and normal ammonium bicarbonate (AB) applied as basal dressing all in one time in a field trial.As compared with UA, MUA1 and MUA2 were found to increase wheat grain yield by 10.5% and 12.4%, increase the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in grain by 10.1 and 10.9 percentage points, and the nitrogen productivity index (NPI) by 3.9 kg and 4.6 kg.MAB, the fertilizer effects of which was approximately equal to that of UA, was found to have an increase of grain yield by 6.6%, increase of NUE and NPI by 5.8 percentage points and 2.3 kg respectively compared with AB.Until two weeks before the harvest, MUA1, MUA2 and MAB kept the higher green-leaf index and the larger flag leaf area, increasing by 18.5%, 34.8%, 12.3%, and 25.9%, 34.5%, 42.90% respectively, which may contributed to the higher grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

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邱慧珍.长效氮肥一次基施对覆膜冬小麦的肥效研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):454-459. DOI:10.11766/trxb200111090320 Qiu Hui-zhen. EFFECTS OF LONG-LASTING NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON PLASTIC MULCHED WINTER WHEAT AS APPLIED BY BASAL DRESSING ALL IN ONE TIME[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(3):454-459.

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  • 收稿日期:2001-11-09
  • 最后修改日期:2002-05-08
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-02-25
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