B.B.Mandelbrot enunciated the concepts of fractal and fractal dimension in 1967.They have found application in a variety of fields ever since.Fractal theory is a new method to observe and explain the complexity and mechanism of nature.Although fractal dimensions of lots of phenomena were calculated, related studies on fractal characters of soils of China are seldom seen.This issue is discussed in this paper.Some significant conclusions are drawn: (1) A certain relationship between perimeter and area of soil patches object ively exists for soils in China.(2) Fractal dimensions of soils of China are calculated.It is the biggest with the cold desert soil being 1.9524, and the smallest with the gray desert soil, being 1.1582.(3) The fractal dimensions of soils of China tend to increase from the south to the northeast and northwest of the country, showing a rising trend with the topography rising from southeast to northwest, in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.(4) The stability of spatial structure is the highest with the cold desert soil and the smallest with the gray-cinnamonic soil.(5) The stability of spatial structure of soil type declines from South China to Northeast China, but rises from the southeast to the northwest in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.(6) Physical mechanism of the spatial fractal structure of the soils of China is also revealed.It is indicated that the average indexes of number and shape of soil patches are the most important factors which influence spatial fractal structure of the soils.In other words, the spatial fractal structures of soils are mainly influenced by geometric characteristic of the spatial pattern of soils.