基于长期定位试验的变性土养分持续供给能力和作物响应研究
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* 中国科学院农业办公室项目(KN10503);中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX3-SW-427)资助


CONTINUAL NUTRIENT SUPPLYING CAPACITY AND CROP RESPONSES BASED ON LONG-TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT IN VERTISOL
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    摘要:

    8年定位施肥试验结果表明,不施N肥,淮北变性土N素自然供给能力,第1年降为原来的64%,第2年则降为22%,此后,在20%左右振荡;不施P肥,土壤P素自然供给能力第1年后为95%,8年后逐渐下降为45%左右;不施K肥,土壤K素自然供给能力,第1年后为90%,8年后逐渐下降为60%~70%;而且,土壤P、K素自然供给能力对小麦、玉米有所差异。作物产量响应特点是,CK、N、NP、NK和PK处理区小麦、玉米产量分别为NPK全营养区的26.9%、54.3%、85.2%5、3.2%3、1.8%和21.4%、68.9%、73.5%、81.6%、28.0%。作物养分浓度响应特点是,施N或P肥提高了籽粒和秸秆的N或P养分浓度,施K肥对籽粒K浓度影响较小,但显著提高了秸秆K浓度。与试验前相比,8年后,土壤全氮含量,不施N处理区降低5%~10%,施N处理区增加12%~16.5%;土壤全磷含量,不施P处理区降低20%左右,施P处理区略有不同程度提高;土壤有效磷含量,不施P处理区降低75%~85%,施P处理提高56.9%~119.3%;土壤全钾含量变化不大;土壤速效钾含量,不施K肥处理区降低35%,NPK处理区降低5.9%,NK和PK处理区增加10%左右;土壤有机质含量,CK和PK处理区降低10%,其他处理基本持平。小麦和玉米对N、P、K肥的表观利用率分别为59.8%、47.3%、50.2%和51.1%、33.2%、49.5%。通过模拟,土壤有效磷消长与P素平衡盈亏的模型为y(土壤有效磷消长)=0.113 8x(P素平衡的盈亏)-0.406 1(n=6,r=0.959 4),土壤速效钾消长与K素盈亏的模型为y(土壤速效钾消长)=0.107 5x(K素平衡的盈亏)-8.787 1(n=6,r=0.902 1)。

    Abstract:

    An 8-year in-situ experiment was carried out to study spontaneous nutrient supply capacity and crop responses in vertisol,Huaibei.The data obtained indicated that,in the absence of N fertilizer,N supply capacity of vertisol declined to 64% of the original in the first investigated year,and sharply down to 22% in the second year,and then fluctuated around 20% in the years that followed.And,without P fertilizer application,P supply capacity of the soil decreased gradually throughout the 8 years of the experiment,from 95% in the first year to 45% in the last year,and so was soil 1K supply capacity,but from 90% in the first year down to 60%~70% in the 8th year of the experiment with holding K containing fertilizers1And,P and K supplying performances of vertisol,however,differed significantly from crop to crop,wheat and maize.The 8-year mean yields of wheat and maize in Treatments CK,N,NP,NK and PK were 26.9%,54.3%,85.2%,53.2%,31.8% and 21.4%,68.9%,73.5%,81.6%,28.0% of that in Treatment NPK,respectively,suggesting strong responses of the crops to fertilization models1Detailed analysis showed that,element concentrations of N and P in the seeds and straws of the crops significantly increased in the treatments with N and P fertilizer application 1K concentration in the crop's seeds,however,showed no obvious change while increased evidently in the straws in the treatments with Kfertilization.After 8 years of experiment,the total N content of the tested vertisol decreased by 5%~10% in the treatments without N fertilization,by contraries increased by 12%~16.5% in the treatments with N fertilization.And,the total P content of the soil decreased by 20% in the treatments without P fertilization,and only slightly increased in the treatments with P fertilization available.The available P content of the soil,however,varied very strongly during the experiment period,depending on P fertilization status.As for the total Kcontent of the soil,there was no obvious variation between treatments with or without Kfertilization.The content of available Kin the soil decreased by 35% in the treatments without Kfertilizer,decreased by 5.9% in Treatment NPK,and increased 10% in Treatments NK and PK1The content of soil organic matter decreased by 10% in Treatments CK and PK,and remained stable in the other treatments after the 8-year experiment.The cumulative apparent recovery rates of N,P,K fertilizers on the crops of wheat and maize were 59.8%,47.3%,50.2% and 51.1%, 33.2%,49.5% respectively during the experiment period.The equations correlation coefficients between gain and loss of soil available phosphorus and between gain and loss of soil available potassium were y(ebb and flow of soil available P)=0.113 8 x(balance of gain and loss of P)-0.406 1(n=6,r=0.959 4)and y(ebb and flow of soil available K)=0.107 5 x(balance of gain and loss of K)-8.787 1(n=6,r=0.902 1)respectively.

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詹其厚,陈杰.基于长期定位试验的变性土养分持续供给能力和作物响应研究[J].土壤学报,2006,43(1):124-132. DOI:10.11766/trxb200410260118 Zhan Qihou, Chen Jie. CONTINUAL NUTRIENT SUPPLYING CAPACITY AND CROP RESPONSES BASED ON LONG-TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT IN VERTISOL[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,43(1):124-132.

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  • 收稿日期:2004-10-26
  • 最后修改日期:2005-02-03
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-02-25
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