太湖地区氮磷肥施用对稻田氨挥发的影响
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* 国家自然科学基金项目(40571077,30390080);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX-413)资助


AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION FROM PADDY FIELDS IN THE TAIHU LAKE REGION AS AFFECTED BY N AND P COMBINATION IN FERTILIZATION
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    摘要:

    在太湖地区乌栅土上,采用田间小区试验连续两年研究了施氮(N)量为0、180、255、330kghm-2,施磷(P2O5)量为0、309、0、180kghm-2的6个组合(对照N0P0、低氮N180P90、优化N255Pv90、低磷N255P30、高磷N255P180、高氮N330P90)以及三个施肥时期对稻田氨挥发损失的影响,氨挥发采用密闭室间歇通气法测定。结果表明,稻田氨挥发损失主要发生在施肥后6d内,基肥和第一次追肥后各处理氨挥发量占施氮量的0.4%~11.5%,而第二次追肥后氨挥发损失比例较大,对照、低氮、优化、低磷、高磷和高氮处理的氨挥发在2002年稻季分别占施氮量的5.8%、9.7%、25.6%、15.6%和11.6%,在2003年稻季则分别为27.4%、26.2%、30.0%、35.1%和27.6%。若施肥后遇阴雨天气或正值水稻拔节孕穗期,氨挥发量便降低。田面水中的NH4+-N浓度是氨挥发的决定因素之一,与氨挥发通量呈正相关。施磷量相同时,氨挥发随施氮量增加而增加;施氮量相同时,高磷和低磷处理氨挥发均高于优化处理,表明在氮磷不平衡施用时,氮肥氨挥发损失会加剧,从氨挥发损失方面考虑,稻田推荐施磷量不宜超过P2O590kghm-2

    Abstract:

    A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate ammonia volatilization from Gleyed paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region.The experiment was designed to have four N levels (0,180,255,330 kg hm-2) and four P2O5 levels (0,30,90,180 kg hm-2),forming six NP combinations (CK-N0P0,LN-N180P90,OPT-N255P90,LP-N255P30,HP-N255Psub>180 and HN-N330P90),Ammonia volatilization was measured with the enclosure method.Results show that ammonia emission occurred within the first 6 days after fertilizer application,and it was less after the basal dressing and the first top-dressing than after the second top-dressing.N loss through ammonia emission accounted for 0.4%~12% of the total nitrogen applied for the basal and the first top dressings.However for the second top-dressing the percentage was 5.8%,9.7%,25.6%,15.6%,11.6% during the 2002 rice season,and 27.4%,26.2%,30.0%,35.1%,27.6% during the 2003 rice season for Treatments LN,OPT,LP,HP and HN,respectively.Ammonia loss was low when fertilization was followed by rainy days or was done right at the elongating or booting of the rice crop,Positive correlation was observed between NH3 loss and NH4+-N concentration in the surface water in all the three fertilization periods.When the rate of phosphorus fertilizer remained the same,NH3 loss increased with N fertilizer rates,whereas when at the rate of N fertilizer stayed unchanged,NH3 loss was higher in treatments higher and lower in P rate treatments than in treatments optimum in P rate,suggesting that ammonia loss would be greater when NP combination is unbalanced.P2O5 is recommended to be no more than 90 kg hm-2 for rice.

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田玉华,贺发云,尹斌,朱兆良.太湖地区氮磷肥施用对稻田氨挥发的影响[J].土壤学报,2007,44(5):893-900. DOI:10.11766/trxb200605100518 Tian Yuhua, He Fayun, Yin Bin, Zhu Zhaoliang. AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION FROM PADDY FIELDS IN THE TAIHU LAKE REGION AS AFFECTED BY N AND P COMBINATION IN FERTILIZATION[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2007,44(5):893-900.

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  • 收稿日期:2006-05-10
  • 最后修改日期:2006-09-10
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-02-25
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