Purple soils different in texture were selected in a study to calculate fractal dimension of soil particle size distribution (PSD) on the basis of accumulative quantity or weight distribution of soil particles. And the fractal dimension of PSD was compared with the fitted fractal dimension of the soil water retention curve (SWRC) model which was developed by Tyler and Wheatcraft. Results indicate that fractal dimensions obtained by three different means were all closely related to soil texture, with the higher content of clay, the finer soil texture and the higher fractal dimension. Although the difference between the fractal dimension of accumulative quantity distribution of soil particles (which ranged from 2.98 to 3.26) and the fractal dimension of accumulative weight distribution of soil particles (which ranged from 2.73 to 2.81) was obvious, a significant linear relationship was observed between them. A significant linear relationship was always observed between the fractal dimension of PSD and the fractal dimension of SWRC (which ranged from 2.72 to 2.84), especially between the fractal dimension of accumulative quantity distribution of soil particles and the fractal dimension of SWRC. They were quite approximate in value. Based on the linear function between the fractal dimension of PSD and the fractal dimension of SWRC, SWRC was predicted through Tyler and Wheatcraft’s model. It was quite obvious that the predicted SWRC agreed well with the measured data. So, estimating soil water retention curve of the purple soil based on the fractal dimension of PSD is feasible.