华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系的氮素循环与平衡
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国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2009CB118606)和农业部“948”重大国际合作项目(2006-G60)资助


Nitrogen cycling and balance in winter-wheat-summer-maize rotation system in Northern China Plain
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    摘要:

    对华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系农田氮素输入输出的数量特征、平衡状况进行了分析,并评估其优化潜力。研究表明,华北地区冬小麦夏玉米轮作体系农田每年的氮素输入中,化学氮肥、农家肥、降水、灌溉、非生物固氮和种子带入农田的氮分别为545、68、21、15、15和5 kg hm-2 a-1,氮素年输入总量为669 kg hm-2 a-1;每年的氮素输出中,作物收获带走的氮为311 kg hm-2 a-1,而氨挥发、反硝化和淋洗损失的氮分别为120、16和136 kg hm-2 a-1,氮素年输出总量为583 kg hm-2 a-1;氮素年盈余量为86 kg hm-2 a-1。目前我国华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系农田氮素处于大量赢余状态,从而导致氮素大量损失。因此,加强氮肥管理,提高氮肥利用率,加大有机肥施用的力度,是华北地区农田氮素资源管理的长期任务.

    Abstract:

    Analysis was conducted of quantitative characteristics and budget of N in soil under the winter-wheat/summer-maize rotation system in the North China Plain, and optimal N potential evaluated. Results show that the N input was mainly through chemical fertilizer, organic manure, rainfall, irrigation, biological fixation and seeds in the system, contributing 545 kg hm-2 yr-1, 68 kg hm-2 yr-1, 21 kg hm-2 yr-1, 15 kg hm-2 yr-1, and 5 kg hm-2 yr-1, respectively, totaling N input was 669 kg hm-2 yr-1, while the N output with harvested crops was only 311 kg hm-2 yr-1. In addition, the N losses through ammonium volatilization, denitrification and leaching was 120, 16 and 136 kg hm-2 yr-1, respectively, making the total N output up to 583 kg hm-2 yr-1with a surplus of 86 kg hm-2 yr-1 N. Intensifying N management to improve its use efficiency in combination with intensifying application of organic manure is the long-term task in N management in the North China Plain.

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赵荣芳,陈新平,张福锁.华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系的氮素循环与平衡[J].土壤学报,2009,46(4):684-697. DOI:10.11766/trxb200801290417 Zhao Rongfang, Chen Xinping, Zhang Fusuo. Nitrogen cycling and balance in winter-wheat-summer-maize rotation system in Northern China Plain[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2009,46(4):684-697.

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