A pot experiment designed to have 5 treatments, i.e. Treatment CK (litter of Atractylodes lancea (thunb) DC only); Treatment MB (endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. And sterilized A.lancea litters); Treatment WB (Phomopsis sp. and A.lancea litters); Treatment WBF, (Phomopsis sp., A.lancea litters and fermentation broth); and Treatment WMF (A.lancea litters and sterilized fermentation broth), was carried out. After the treatment, decomposition rates of cellulose and lignose of the litters and activities of their degrading enzymes in the soils were determined regularly, and meanwhile, variation of endophytic fungus B3 in the soil was tracked by means of nested PCR, to study effect of the addition of endophytic fungus to soil on decomposition of A.lancea litters and activities of soil degrading enzymes. Results indicate that even when detached from their host, the endophytic fungus still remained physiologically active, got adapted to non-host conditions and survived for more than 30 days. During this period of time, the fungus significantly accelerated decomposition of cellulose and lignin. Measurements of the samples taken on D10, D30 and D60 showed that the activity of cellulase was significantly higher in Treatments WBF and MB than in other treatments, and the activity of ligninase was significantly higher in Treatments MB and WB than in other treatments.