长期施肥对小麦-玉米轮作土壤微团聚体组成和分形特征的影响
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Effects of long-term fertilization on composition and fractal feature of soil micro-aggregates under a wheat-maize cropping system
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    摘要:

    通过对华北平原小麦-玉米轮作农田生态系统18 a田间施肥试验,研究了长期不同施肥处理对耕层(0~20 cm)土壤微团聚体组成及分形维数(D)的影响,并探讨了特征微团聚体组成比例(PCM, <20 μm/(250~20) μm)、微团聚体测定中<20 μm与2 000~20 μm粒级含量的比值(RMD, <20 μm/(2 000~20) μm)和D与土壤肥力之间的关系。施肥处理包括化肥NPK不同组合(NPK、NP、NK、PK),全部施用有机肥(OM),1/2有机肥+化肥NPK(1/2OMN)及不施肥(CK)共7个处理。各施肥处理均能降低土壤PCM、RMD和D,提高土壤有效养分含量和酶活性。各处理土壤PCM、RMD和D均为OM处理最低,且有机肥与化肥NPK配施低于单施化肥各处理,而化肥处理中NPK均衡施用的降低效果最好。土壤PCM、RMD和D与作物产量、有机质和碱解氮含量及酶活性之间相关性较好,且PCM、RMD和D三者两两之间也具有较好的相关性。说明施用有机肥、有机肥与化肥NPK配施及化肥NPK均衡施用是改善微团聚体组成、降低PCM、RMD和D及提高土壤保肥和供肥能力的关键;PCM、RMD和D均可作为评价长期施肥作物系统土壤肥力的综合性定量指标。

    Abstract:

    The composition and fractal dimension (D) of micro-aggregates in 0~20 cm soil layer were studied on a long-term fertilized field under wheat-maize cropping rotation in North China Plain, and relationships of soil fertility with compositional proportion of characteristic soil micro-aggregates (PCM, <20 μm/(250~20) μm), ratio of the content of <20 μm particle-size to the content of 2 000~20 μm particle-size content in soil micro-aggregates determination (RMD, <20 μm/(2 000~20) μm) and D were evaluated. The long-term fertilization experiment was designed to include 7 treatments: fertilizer NPK (NPK), organic manure (OM), half organic manure with chemical fertilizer NPK (1/2OMN), chemical fertilizer NP (NP), chemical fertilizer PK (PK), chemical fertilizer NK (NK) and control (CK). After 18 years of fertilization, all the treatments, except CK showed lower values of PCM, RMD and D, and higher nutrients content and enzyme activity. Among the fertilization treatments, Treatment OM was the lowest in PCM、RMD and D, followed by Treatment 1/2OMN, and the treatments with chemical fertilizers. Balanced application of fertilizers (Treatment NPK) was lower in PCM、RMD and D than imbalanced use of fertilizers (Treatments NP, PK, and NK). PCM, RMD and D were closely related to crop yield, soil organic matter, hydrolysis N, and enzyme activity. The findings indicate that the use of organic manure alone or in combination with fertilizer NPK and balanced application of fertilizer NPK are key to improving soil micro-aggregate composition, decreasing PCM, RMD and D, and increasing soil nutrient preserving and supplying capacity; and that PCM, RMD and D can be used as integrated quantitative indexes to evaluate the soil fertility under a long-term fertilization cropping system.

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龚伟,颜晓元,蔡祖聪,王景燕.长期施肥对小麦-玉米轮作土壤微团聚体组成和分形特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2011,48(6):1141-1148. DOI:10.11766/trxb201002200059 Gong Wei, Yan Xiaoyuan, Cai Zucong, Wang Jingyan. Effects of long-term fertilization on composition and fractal feature of soil micro-aggregates under a wheat-maize cropping system[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(6):1141-1148.

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  • 收稿日期:2010-02-20
  • 最后修改日期:2010-06-22
  • 录用日期:2010-08-31
  • 在线发布日期: 2011-09-02
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