In a field experiment, where two successive crops of soybeans, including 2 P-efficient transgenic soybeans AP15-1 and AP15-3, and their receptors YC03-3 and YC04-5, were planted. Samples of rhizosphere soils were collected at the seedling, florescence, and mature stages for analyses of pH, total P, available P, organic P, total N, alkali N, total K, available K and eight trace elements, and the activities of four soil enzymes, including sucrase, phosphatase, hydrogen peroxidase and urease, in the rhizosphere soils of AP15-1 and YC03-3 at the full bloom stage, to explore effects of planting of the transgenic soybeans on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil. Results showed that the significant differences were found at certain stages between AP15-1 and YC03-3 and between AP15-3 and YC04-5 in nutrient content, except for total K and trace elements. However, the differences were observed mostly at the seedling stage, and at the mature stage, the difference existed only in content of organic P between AP15-1 and YC03-3, and in content of available K between AP15-3 and YC04-5. Moreover, such differences were no longer detected any time of the two seasons. The determination of activities of the four soil enzymes indicated that there was no significant difference between the transgenic varieties and their respective receptors in the same season. To sum up, the findings demonstrate that planting P-efficient transgenic soybeans is likely to have no significant effects on contents of the main soil nutrients or activities of the four soil enzymes in rhizosphere.