红壤丘陵区生猪规模化养殖及其对土壤与水环境的影响——以江西省余江县为例
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公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201203050)、中国科学院院地合作项目和赣鄱英才555工程专项资助


Scale pig farming and its impacts on soil and water environment in red soil hilly regions: A case study of Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, China
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    摘要:

    以南方红壤丘陵典型地区——江西省余江县为案例,研究了规模化养猪业发展现状及其对周边土壤和水环境的影响。结果表明,余江县2011年389家规模化养猪场出栏73.2万头,其中年出栏1 000~5 000头的猪场占规模化猪场总数50.6%。规模化猪场主要分布在中南部的低丘缓岗地带,尤其集中分布于320国道沿线。全县规模化养猪的粪、尿、污水年产生量分别约为2.96×105 t、4.64×105 t、1.09×106 t,COD、N、P、Cu、Zn污染物年排放量分别为1.96×104 t、3.27×103 t、1.25×103 t、50 t和116 t。据估算全县110万头生猪养殖的粪、尿、污水年产生量分别约为4.47×105 t、7.00×105 t和1.09×106 t,COD、N、P、Cu、Zn污染物年排放量分别为2.96×104 t、4.94×103 t、1.89×103 t、76 t和176 t。以总氮为指标,规模化猪场周边采样水体有90.9%山塘、66.6%水库、50%河流的水体水质属于劣V类;土壤养分严重失衡,速效磷过量积累,重金属Cu、Zn在土壤中也有明显积累。因此,应加强区域生猪养殖业发展规划及规模养猪粪污无害化、资源化循环利用技术研究,以促进红壤丘陵区规模养殖业健康发展与生态环境保护。

    Abstract:

    Development of scale pig farming and its impacts on circumjacent soil and water environment in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, a red soil hilly region typical of South China were selected for case study. It was found that the county had 389 scale pig farms, turning out a total of 7.32×105 heads in 2011. Of the pig farms, 50.6% had an annual production capacity of 1 000~5 000 heads each. These pig farms were mainly distributed in the low-hilly areas in the center and south of Yujiang County, particularly alongside State Highway No.320. They turned out annually a total of 2.96×105 t, 4.64×105t and 1.09×106 t of pig dung, urine and wastewater, respectively, with which a total of 1.96×104 t, 3.27×103 t, 1.25×103 t, 50 t and 116 t of COD, N, P, Cu, and Zn, respectively, was discharged annually as pollutants. On such a basis this county is estimated to have 1.1 million heads of pigs, which may produce annually a total of 4.47×105 t, 7.00×105 t and 1.09×106 t of dung, urine and wastewater, respectively, with which a total of 2.96×104t, 4.94×103 t, 1.89×103 t, 76 t and 176 t of COD, N, P, Cu and Zn is discharged, respectively. Sampling analysis shows that 90.9% of the ponds and 66.6% of the reservoirs and 50% of the rivers in their surroundings are in Sub-Grade V in water quality largely due to total nitrogen beyond the limit, and the soils nearby were badly unbalanced, with available P over-accumulated and heavy metals like Cu and Zn significantly accumulated. It is therefore essential to strengthen planning in development of pig farming in the region, and intensify research on technologies for deharming and recycling of pig dung, urine and wastewater, hence to promote healthy development of scale pig farming and environment protection in red soil hilly areas of South China.

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周志高,李忠佩,何园球,王兴祥.红壤丘陵区生猪规模化养殖及其对土壤与水环境的影响——以江西省余江县为例[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):703-711. DOI:10.11766/trxb201209270388 Zhou Zhigao, Li Zhongpei, He Yuanqiu, Wang Xingxiang. Scale pig farming and its impacts on soil and water environment in red soil hilly regions: A case study of Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(4):703-711.

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  • 收稿日期:2012-09-27
  • 最后修改日期:2013-04-03
  • 录用日期:2013-04-10
  • 在线发布日期: 2013-04-22
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