多环芳烃污染土壤真菌修复进展
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中国科学院青年创新促进会专项资助


Fungal remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated soil: A review
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    摘要:

    多环芳烃是一类具有致癌、致畸、致突变效应的化合物,主要通过生物质和化石燃料的不完全燃烧产生,过量的排放可能导致土壤污染。现有多环芳烃污染土壤的生物修复大多利用细菌的降解功能,真菌的修复潜力尚未被充分认识。真菌是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,具有极高的多样性。多种真菌,主要是担子菌和子囊菌具有降解多环芳烃的能力,它们通过细胞内的细胞色素P450氧化酶、细胞外的木质素水解酶及胞外聚合物系统作用于多环芳烃;某些真菌与植物形成共生菌根,以协同方式实现污染物的降解。由于真菌降解多环芳烃的特点,其在减少土壤高环多环芳烃含量、降低多环芳烃毒性方面具有独特的优势。本文综合介绍了多环芳烃降解真菌的多样性和降解机制,对现有的真菌土壤修复技术进行了总结,针对目前真菌修复中存在的问题作了进一步讨论,并对真菌修复的未来发展趋势提出了展望。

    Abstract:

    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of chemicals with potential carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects, and are mainly produced out of incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuel. Excessive PAHs releasing into the atmosphere may accumulate in the soil through deposition, resulting in soil pollution. Currently the techniques available for bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated soils are mostly based on the degradation function of bacteria, while the potential of fungi in soil remediation is not yet fully understood. Fungi are important components of the soil ecosystem and extremely high in diversity. Quite a number of strains of fungi, mainly Basidiomycete and Ascomycete, are capable of degrading PAHs with their intracellular cytochrome P450 or extracellular ligninolytic enzymes. And some form Mycorrhizal symbiont with plant roots, which may degrade PAHs synergistically. Thanks to the feature of fungi degrading PAHs, they have their unique advantage in reducing the concentration and ecotoxicity of PAHs in soil. In this review, an overall introduction is presented to the diversity of PAHs-degrading fungi, and their PAHs-degrading mechanism, as well as the fungal remediation techniques currently available. In addition, the concerns and problems associated with fungal remediation are discussed and prospect of its development is predicted.

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吴宇澄,林先贵.多环芳烃污染土壤真菌修复进展[J].土壤学报,2013,50(6):1191-1199. DOI:10.11766/trxb201301180037 Wu Yucheng, Lin Xiangui. Fungal remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated soil: A review[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(6):1191-1199.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-01-18
  • 最后修改日期:2013-05-08
  • 录用日期:2013-06-14
  • 在线发布日期: 2013-08-28
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