To explore effects of different N fertilizer application types on quality and quantity of soil organic matter, soil samples were collected from plots under a long-term (32 a) fertilization field experiment in Huaibei City, Anhui Province, China, for analysis of soil organic carbon storage. Results show that compared CK (no fertilization) and Treatment NPK (chemical fertilizer), Treatment OM (organic manure only) significantly decreased soil bulk density. Although, Treatment NPK and Treatment OM both had obvious positive effects on contents of soil organic matter and active soil organic matter, Treatment HMNPK (high rate of organic manure plus NPK) was the most significant in the effect. The treatment also showed significant positive effect on soil carbon pool management index (CPMI), while Treatment NPK lowered CPMI, indicating that soil fertility decreased under the effect of Treatment NPK.In terms of soil organic carbon storage in the 0～20 cm soil layer, Treatment HMNPK was the highest and followed Treatment OM, Treatment NPK and CK, sequently. Therefore, it can be concluded that long-term application of organic manure helps build up soil quality, especially, when in combination with application of chemical fertilizer, both at a rate higher than N 262.5 kg hm^-1 a^-2.