【Objective】To explore for effective ways to prevent and control nematode infection in facilitated vegetable fields, and to fertilize the fields for better soil quality, a field experiment was carried out on effects of combined application of vermicompost and probiotics on population and community structure of soil nematodes in greenhouse tomato fields. 【Method】The experiment was laid out in a greenhouse of the Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences, using a commonly grown crop in the region, cherry tomato, and designed to have six treatments: CF (chemical fertilizer alone), CF BM (chemical fertilizer and bacillus megaterium), CF BA (chemical fertilizer and bacillus amyloliquefaciens), VC (vermicompost alone), VC BM (vermicompost and bacillus megaterium ) and VC BA (vermicompost and bacillus amyloliquefaciens), and four replicates for each treatment, making up a total of 24 plots (2.5 m×2.5 m each) in randomized block. The treatments were applied with almost the same amount of nutrients in the form of vermicompost (15 t hm^-2, dry mass) or chemical fertilizer (N 150 kg hm^-2，P₂O₅ 398 kg hm^-2 and K₂O 334 kg hm^-2). Probiotics was prepared in fermentators, containing 1×10⁸ cfu ml^-1 of viable bacteria and inoculated with BM or BA at a rate of 1 L m^-2 and for bio-solution not inoculated was cultured using ordinary bacterial culture medium (10g peptone 5g yeast extract 10g sodium chloride, volume 1 L). For application they were both diluted 100-fold and sprayed when chemical fertilizer or vermicompost was applied. And then the plots were plowed. The subsequent management was kept consistent for all the plots, that is, on May 8, 2014 28 seedlings, similar in plant height and growth were transplanted in,4 rows and 7 lines in each plot,, and soil samples were collected from each plot at the flowering (June 18) and harvest (August 20) stage for isolation and identification of nematodes. 【Result】Results show that due to difference in fertilization pattern, the treatments varied sharply in population, community structure and trophic groups of soil nematodes. In this field experiment, a total of 25 genera of nematodes were identified, and the population of nematodes in all the six treatments varied in the range of 150 ~ 472 per 100 g dry soil. Compared with Treatment CF, Treatment VC increased the population of soil nematodes and Treatments VC BM and VC BA did more significantly, however, the effect in Treatments CF BM and the CF BA was not significant at the full bloom stage and not so significant as in Treatment VC BM or BA at the harvest stage. Treatment CF or VC increased the relative abundance of herbivorous nematodes ( Pratylenchus), but the effect was more significant in Treatment VC and in Treatment CF Compared with Treatment CF, Treatment VC significantly decreased the proportion of bacterivorous nematodes and Treatment CF BM or BA increased the proportion of fungivorous nematodes, and decreased that of bacterivorous and herbivorous nematodes, while Treatment VC BM or BA significantly increased the proportions of bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes, and reduced those of herbivorous and omnivorous nematodes when compared with Treatment VC. Compared with either Treatment CF or VC, the addition of probiotics positively affected Wasilewska index (WI), ratio (F/B) of fungivorous to bacterivorous nematodes and plant-parasitic index (PPI) of herbivorous nematodes, and the effect was more significant in Treatment VC than in Treatment CF. It was found through overall comparison that from the flowering stage to the harvest stage, the population of herbivorous nematodes increased in all the treatments, and the effect was the most significant in Treatment VC; and the application of vermicompost plus probiotics effectively inhibited growth of herbivorous nematodes, and more effective than the application of chemical fertilizer plus probiotics in this aspect. With tomato growing on, soil environment and nametode community tended to be more healthy and stable in Treatment VC BM or BA than in the others. 【Conclusion】Therefore, it is a fertilization pattern worth extending, but in practice, it is more advisable to choose a proper probiotics in the light of variety of the crop and soil environment, and potential effect of herbivorous nematodes on the crop to follow.