【Objective】Soil enzymes catalyze nutrient recycling in forms available for plants and other organisms and are actively involved in soil energy transfer processes. Therefore, soil enzyme is an important driving factor in soil organic carbon dynamic and plays an extremely important role in the global carbon cycle. Knowledge of the mechanism of soil enzymes responding to soil erosion and deposition contributes to further understanding of the role of soil erosion in the global carbon cycle. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to elucidate the response of soil enzyme activities to long-term water erosion and quantify the relationships between soil basic physico-chemical parameters and enzyme activities. 【Method】In this research, soil samples were collected separately from the soil layers (0 ~ 5, 5 ~ 10, 10 ~ 20, 20 ~ 30, 30 ~ 40, 40 ~ 60, 60 ~ 80, 80 ~ 100 cm) of the erosional and depositional sites along a slope covered with pine trees in the hilly red soil region of South Hunan for the analysis of basic physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities in the soil. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and activities of -four kinds of soil enzymes (i.e. urease, catalase, acid phosphatase and sucrase) were measured. Pearson correlation analysis and partial redundancy analysis were performed to analyze relationships between the soil enzyme activities and the soil physico-chemical properties and explore the most important physico-chemical factors influencing the soil enzyme activities. The findings in this study may provide some fundamental theoretical bases for exploration of the roles of the soil enzymes in soil carbon dynamic as affected by soil erosion. 【Result】Results show that the depositional soils were higher than the erosional soils in content of SOC, TN, DOC. Soil deposition significantly improved soil fertility. Furthermore, the content of SOC, TN and DOC in the surface soils at the erosional and depositional sites was significantly greater than that of their respective one in the deep soils. In the soil profiles, the contents of SOC, TN and DOC all displayed a downward trend with increasing soil depth. Water erosion had not only a significant effect on soil nutrition distribution in the eroded slope, but also a great impact on soil enzyme activities in soils different in slope position. All the four enzymes, except for sucrase, were much higher in activity in the depositional soils than in most erosional soils. Soil deposition apparently improved soil enzyme activities. The same as the content of SOC, TN and DOC, activities of the four soil enzymes declined with soil depth in the profile. In addition, correlation analysis reveals that positive correlations existed between urease, acid phosphatase and catalase. Furthermore, significant positive correlations (p< 0.05) between soil nutrition parameters (SOC, TN, DOC) and enzyme activities (urease, acid phosphatase and catalase) were observed. All these findings prove that under the influence of long-term water erosion, soil enzyme activities and nutrition level presented a similar curve in dynamic. Partial redundancy analysis shows that SOC, TN and DOC together were responsible for 39.7% of the variation of the enzyme activity and SOC explained up to 7.5% of the variation of the enzyme activity, whereas, TN and DOC did 0.1% and 3.5%, respectively, which demonstrates that SOC is a factor more influencing on soil enzyme activities than all the other measured physicochemical parameters. Erosion-induced SOC redistribution in the soil on a slope is one of the major routes via which soil erosion affects soil enzyme activities. 【Conclusion】 This study is quite limited to the soil on the slope covered by pine trees in a hilly red soil region. Therefore, more efforts should be devoted in future studies to further elucidate mechanisms of soil enzymes responding in activity to long-term water erosion in soils different in type and land use.