锯木灰渣改良退化菜园紫色土壤的效果研究
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国家重点研发计划资助(2017YFD0800101)


Effect of Saw Dust Ash Ameliorating Degraded Vegetable Garden Purple Soil
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the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (No. 2017YFD0800101)

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    摘要:

    以重庆市九龙坡区白市驿镇蔬菜基地为试验平台,通过大田试验,研究了锯木灰渣不同施用量还田1年后对酸性紫色土改良效果,并进一步分析了锯木灰渣对土壤微生物群落及微生物碳、氮的影响,以期为紫色菜园退化土壤养分和酸化的修复提供合理措施,同时实现循环农业的可持续发展。结果表明:(1)锯木灰渣施用能显著提高蔬菜产量,且随着施用量的增加呈增加趋势,其中锯木灰渣施用量为18 000 kg hm-2时,产量较未施用锯木灰渣(A0)处理显著提高了76.1%~121.9%;(2)经锯木灰渣处理的退化紫色土表层和亚表层的有机质含量和pH提高,尤其是锯木灰渣施用量为18 000 kg hm-2的改良效果较佳,但是过高的锯木灰渣施用量处理对土壤交换性H+、Al3+效果反而下降,而施用量为12 000~15 000 kg hm-2处理的效果较佳,其中表层土壤交换性H+、Al3+分别为0.19~0.20,0.63~0.67 cmol kg-1;(3)12 000~15 000 kg hm-2的锯木灰渣施用量对土壤碱解氮和速效钾的提升效果较佳,18 000 kg hm-2处理的有效磷含量最大,较A0处理增加了55.3 mg kg-1;(4)无论在表层土壤还是亚表层土壤中,细菌的种群数量分布最多,其次为真菌和放线菌,分别在12 000,9 000,6 000 kg hm-2锯木灰渣施用量下的种群数量达到最大值;9 000~12 000 kg hm-2处理对提高表层土壤微生物量碳含量较为明显,较A0显著提高了70.4%~78.7%,18 000 kg hm-2处理的土壤微生物生物量氮(SMBN)含量最大(40.54 mg kg-1),其次为9 000 kg hm-2处理(34.32 mg kg-1)。综上,锯木灰渣施用量为12 000~15 000 kg hm-2时对退化紫色土的改良效果较好。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】The objective of this study is to explore effects of saw dust ash ameliorating acid purple soil relative to dosage of the ash used, in an attempt to work out a scientific basis and reasonable measures to remedy degraded and acidified purple soil and hence to realize sustainable development and circular agriculture. 【Method】In this study, saw dust ash used was residue after combustion at 800~900 °C. A one-year field experiment was designed to have seven treatments different in saw dust ash application rate, i.e. 0, 3 000, 6 000, 9 000, 12 000, 15 000, 18 000 kg hm-2, and carried out in the Baishiyi Vegetable Base of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China, to explore effects of application of the saw dust ash on amelioration of acid purple soil, and on soil microbiota, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN). 【Result】Results show: 1) application of saw dust ash increased yields of the vegetables significantly, showing a trend of the yield increasing with rising application rate; and the treatment applied with 18 000 kg hm-2 of saw dust ash was 76.1%~121.9% higher than CK (0 kg hm-2 applied) in vegetable yield; 2) Application of saw dust ash increased the content of organic matter and pH in the surface and subsurface layers of the degraded purple soil, and the effect was particularly significant in the treatment applied with 18 000 kg hm-2 of the ash. However, overuse of the ash (over 18 000 kg hm-2) had a negative effect on the content of exchangeable H+ and Al3+, while in the treatments applied with 12 000~15 000 kg hm-2 of the ash no such effect was observed, and the content of exchangeable H+and Al3+ was 0.19~0.20 and 0.63~0.67 cmol kg-1, respectively; 3) In the treatments applied with 12 000~15 000 kg hm-2 of the ash, soil alkalytic N and readily available K increased significantly and in the treatment applied with 18 000 kg hm-2 of the ash soil available P was the highest or 55.3 mg kg-1 higher than in CK; And 4) The population of bacteria was the highest in the surface and subsurface layers and followed by that of fungi and actinomyces, and they peaked in the treatment applied with 12 000, 9 000 and 6 000 kg hm-2 of the ash respectively. Compared with CK (A0), the treatments applied with 12 000~15 000 kg hm-2 of the ash was significantly increased or by 70.4%~78.7% in SMBC content, and the treatment applied with 18 000 kg hm-2 of the ash was the highest in SMBN content, reaching up to 40.54 mg kg-1 and followed by the treatment applied with 9 000 kg hm-2 of the ash, which was 34.32 mg kg-1. 【Conclusion】Results show that application of saw dust ash can increase soil available nutrient contents, remedy soil acidification and improve soil microbial communities, SMBC and SMBN. In the study, the application rate of 12 000~15 000 kg hm-2 is the most suitable one that can improve soil fertility and increase soil microorganic population in degraded purple soil.

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黄 容,高 明,吕 盛,徐国鑫,黎嘉成.锯木灰渣改良退化菜园紫色土壤的效果研究[J].土壤学报,2018,55(3):695-706. DOI:10.11766/trxb201710210350 HUANG Rong, GAO Ming, LÜ Sheng, XU Guoxin, LI Jiacheng. Effect of Saw Dust Ash Ameliorating Degraded Vegetable Garden Purple Soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(3):695-706.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-07
  • 最后修改日期:2018-01-16
  • 录用日期:2018-01-24
  • 在线发布日期: 2018-03-01
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