增氧灌溉对棉花营养特征及土壤肥力的 影响
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国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501405)、国家自然科学基金项目(41261076)和新疆农业职业技术学院资助课题(XJNZYKJ2016025)


Effects of Oxygenated Irrigation on Nutritional Characteristics of Cotton and Soil Fertility
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National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFC0501405), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41261076) and the Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical College Funding Project of China (No. XJNZYKJ2016025)

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    摘要:

    以新陆早41号为材料,通过模拟试验和田间小区试验,研究增氧对灌溉水溶解氧的影响,以及增氧灌溉对棉田土壤养分、土壤微生物数量、棉花养分吸收和产量的影响。增氧灌溉模拟试验设计4个充氧浓度(CK-0%、O2-21%、O2-30%、O2-50%),连续测定主管道和滴灌带不同监测点位灌溉水溶解氧浓度;田间试验设计3种增氧灌溉方式,物理增氧PO、化学增氧CO和常规滴灌CK。结果表明,增氧灌溉能够明显提高灌溉系统内灌溉水的溶解氧浓度,并且随着溶解氧浓度的增加衰变增加,灌溉水溶解氧浓度增加至 12~14 mg L-1 较为适宜;增氧灌溉显著促进棉花增产,PO、CO棉花产量分别较对照增加11.39%、11.42%;增氧灌溉能促进棉花对土壤养分的吸收,从而降低土壤中养分含量,棉田土壤速效氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量均有所降低,CO处理土壤速效氮、有机质含量与对照之间的差异达到显著水平,分别降低27.23%、9.61%,PO处理速效钾含量与对照之间的差异达到显著水平,较对照降低5.78%;增氧灌溉对棉田土壤细菌、真菌、微生物数量有促进作用,PO、CO处理细菌数分别较对照提高28.38%、21.05%,微生物总量分别提高27.86%、20.63%,处理间差异均达到显著水平。说明棉花根系对氧敏感,增氧灌溉能够进一步挖掘棉花生产潜能,不同增氧措施均能在一定程度上促进棉花生长和促进棉花对土壤养分的吸收,能加速土壤有机质分解和养分释放。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】In this study a simulation experiment and a field experiment was carried out, using the cotton variety of Xinluzao 41 to explore effect of oxygenation of irrigation water on content of dissolved oxygen in the irrigation water and effect of oxygenated irrigation on soil nutrient, soil microbes, and nutrient uptake and yield of cotton, the yield of cotton、soil Nutrients and soil microbial quantity in cotton field was studied. 【Method】In the simulation experiment, irrigation water was oxygenated with the aid of a micro bubble generator to four different levels of dissolved oxygen in concentration, that is, CK without oxygenation, O2 21%, O2 30%, and O2 50%. Concentration of dissolved oxygen in the irrigation water was continuously monitored in the main pipe and drip-irrigation pipes. In the field experiment, irrigation water was oxygenated by physical means (PO), by chemical means (CO) and by no means (CK). 【Result】Results show that in oxygenated irrigation, oxygen concentration in the irrigation water increased significantly with oxygenation, but decreased with length of the pipe, and decay intensified with increasing dissolved oxygen concentration, so 12~14 mg L-1 was; The optimal concentration of dissolved oxygen for oxygenation of irrigation water oxygenated irrigation significantly increased yield of the cotton, which was 11.39% and 11.42% higher in Treatment PO and CO than CK; oxygenated irrigation enhanced nutrient uptake of the cotton, thus lowering the nutrient contents (NPK) and organic manure content as well in the soil; Treatment CO was significantly or 27.23% and 9.61% lower than CK in soil ready available N and soil organic manure content, and Treatment PO was significantly or 5.78% lower than CK in soil readily available K; Oxygenated irrigation also promoted growth of bacteria, fungi amd microorganisms in the cotton field. Treatment PO and CO was 28.38% and 21.05%, respectively, higher in soil bacterial population and 27.86% and 20.63%, respectively, higher in soil total microbial biomass than CK. The difference between treatments was significant. Correlation analysis of soil nutrient and soil microbial population shows that the population of actinomyces is significantly and positively relatd to the contents of available N and organic matter; the population of soil bacteria is to the total amount of microorganism; and the content of available N is to the content of organic matter. 【Conclusion】All the findings in this study demonstrate that cotton roots are very sensitive to oxygen and that oxygenated irrigation can further exploit the yield potential of cotton, and no matter how much the irrigation water is oxygenated, promote to a varying extent growth and nutrient uptake of cotton.

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饶晓娟,付彦博,黄 建,冯耀祖,王治国.增氧灌溉对棉花营养特征及土壤肥力的 影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(4):797-803. DOI:10.11766/trxb201712290372 RAO Xiaojuan, FU Yanbo, HUANG Jian, FENG Yaozu, WANG Zhiguo. Effects of Oxygenated Irrigation on Nutritional Characteristics of Cotton and Soil Fertility[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(4):797-803.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-17
  • 最后修改日期:2018-02-05
  • 录用日期:2018-04-16
  • 在线发布日期: 2018-04-24
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