化学氮肥与绿肥对麦田土壤细菌多样性和功能的影响
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国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200105)和国家自然科学基金青年项目(41501308)


Effects of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer and Green Manure on Diversity and Functions of Soil Bacteria in Wheat Field
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the National Key Researchand DevelopmentProgram of China(No. 2016YFD0200105) andthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 41501308)

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    摘要:

    基于渭北旱塬8年田间定位试验,利用高通量测序技术研究了化学氮肥和绿肥施用对麦田土壤细菌丰度、多样性及其功能的影响。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,化学氮肥施用处理(FP)显著增加了土壤有机碳含量(8.0%),氮肥+绿肥施用处理(FGM)显著增加了土壤有机碳(20.0%)、微生物生物量碳(62.0%)、微生物生物量氮(35.9%)、可溶性有机碳(7.27%)和有机氮(56.3%)含量。不同处理麦田土壤细菌OTU(基本分类单元)数平均为3792,丰度和多样性指数在各处理间均无显著性差异。优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等,各处理之间无显著性差异。但在属水平上,与CK相比,FP处理显著降低了PseudoduganellaSteroidobacterAdhaeribacterNordellaRalstonia等细菌属的相对丰度,FGM处理则显著提高了SteroidobacterChryseolineaLentzeaChitinophaga和降低了Lactobacillus细菌属的丰度。FAPROTAX细菌功能分组主要以化能异养、硝化作用、氨氧化、亚硝酸盐氧化作用、硝酸盐还原作用等为主,Tax4Fun功能分组主要以碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、膜转运、信号传导和能量代谢等为主,各处理之间无显著性差异。因此,化学氮肥和绿肥施用对该区域旱地麦田土壤的细菌多样性、群落组成和功能影响相对较小,但可在一定程度上提高土壤肥力。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】Application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and green manure is one of the important measures to improve crop yield and soil quality, but it also affects the soil bacterial community and its function, and thereby alters soil nutrient circulation. At present, there are few reports on whether long-term application of fertilizer nitrogen and green manure can improve diversity and functions of the soil microbia in the dryland soils. It is, therefore, of great significance to explore effects of application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and green manure on the soil bacterial communityand its functions.【Method】An eight-year-oldwinter wheat field experiment, designed to have three treatments: i.e. Treatment CK (control applied, with P2O5105 kg hm-2a-1), Treatment FP (applied with P2O5105 kg hm-2a-1,N150 kg hm-2a-1) and Treatment FGM (applied with P2O5 105 kg hm-2a-1,N 150 kg hm-2a-1, plusgreen manure), laid out in a randomized block design,was carried out in Shaanxi Province, China. Soil samples were collected in september 2016 for analysis of soil biochemical properties (pH, nitrate N, ammonium nitrogen, soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON)). The high throughput sequencing technique was used to determine 16S rRNA gene sequence in V4 zone of the soil bacteria, and in the end soil microbial community and its functions in the soil were analyzed. 【Result】Results show that Treatment FP was 8.0% higher in SOC than CK, while Treatment FGM was 20.0% higher in SOC, 62.2% higher in MBC, 35.9% higher in MBN, 7.27% higher in DOC and 56.3% higher in DON. The average OTUs number of the three treatmentswas 3792, and no significant difference was observed between the treatments in Chao1 index and Shannon index. In the soil bacterial communityAcidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes,Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteriawere dominant groups, regardless of treatments. However, at the genus level, Treatment FP was significantly lower than CK in abundances of Pseudoduganella,Steroidobacter,Adhaeribacter,Nordella and Ralstonia, while Treatment FGM was lower only in abundance of Lactobacillus but higher in abundance ofSteroidobacter,Chryseolinea,Lentzea and Chitinophaga.Bacterial function prediction using FAPROTAX centered mainly on chemoheterotrophy, nitrification, ammonia oxidation, nitrite oxidation, and nitrate reduction, while the prediction using Tax4Fundid mainly on carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, signal transduction and energy metabolism.The three treatments did not vary much in functional fractionation. 【Conclusion】All the findings in this experiment suggest that Treatment FP and Treatment FGM do not havemuch effects on bacterial richness, diversity and functions, whilethey do increase soil fertility, i.e. SOC, DOC and DON, by a certain degree.

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包 明,何红霞,马小龙,王朝辉,邱炜红.化学氮肥与绿肥对麦田土壤细菌多样性和功能的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(3):734-743. DOI:10.11766/trxb201710270425 BAO Ming, HE Hongxia, MA Xiaolong, WANG Zhaohui, QIU Weihong. Effects of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer and Green Manure on Diversity and Functions of Soil Bacteria in Wheat Field[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(3):734-743.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-09-20
  • 最后修改日期:2017-12-26
  • 录用日期:2018-01-25
  • 在线发布日期: 2018-03-01
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