In the geoecosystem, soil is an important component, the highest in vitality, because of its unique pore structure, which accommodates numerous micro lives, the highest in abundance and diversity in the biosphere, and plays numerous regulatory and provisional functions essential to life. Soil is a steadily evolving and developing ecosystem. The microorganisms therein are at the core of the soil ecological functions that drive the key biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and other elements. Evolving systems of the soil microbes enable them to adapt themselves rapidly to any dynamic changes in local environment. Chemotaxis is an instinct bacteria have acquired through long-term evolution to help them hunt for food or move along nutrient gradients or away from toxicants. Heterogeneous distribution of nutrients, exogenous contaminants, and water is the main factor triggering bacterial chemotaxis everywhere in soil, which in turn always affect configuration of soil microbial community and its spatial and temporal distributions. In recent years, bacterial chemotaxis in soil has become a hot spot of focus of the study on soil microbiology both at home and abroad and this trend is likely to continue in the near future. In this review, attempts were done to summarize frontier issues and advancement of the researches the world over on soil bacterial chemotaxis, to elucidate modes of bacterial chemotactic behaviors, conduction paths of bacterial chemotactic signals, and mathematical models for bacterial chemotaxis, with a particular focus on soil bacterial chemotaxis, to explore phenomena of bacterial chemotaxis existing universally in the soil and to introduce main technical means involved in the research, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization, microfluidics and microscopy. In the end, prospects are presented of the trend and development of the research in a view to providing certain references for researches to and practical application of the study on microbial chemotaxis in future.