秸秆与木本泥炭短期施用对潮土有机质及微生物群落组成和功能的影响
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国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300802)和现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-03)共同资助


Effect of Application of Straw and Wood Peat for a Short Period on Soil Organic Matter and Microbial Community in Composition and Function in Fluvo-aquic Soil
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Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFD0300802) and the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (No. CARS-03)

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    摘要:

    直接添加富含腐殖物质的木本泥炭可快速提升土壤有机碳含量,但其与常规施用秸秆相比的效应如何尚不清楚。通过设置不添加物料(CK)、施用秸秆(R)、施用木本泥炭(MT)、秸秆还田和木本泥炭联合施用(RMT)四个田间试验处理,经过一季玉米生长后比较不同处理对玉米产量、土壤肥力、细菌群落组成和功能的影响。结果表明,R和RMT处理的地上生物量与CK无显著差异,而在玉米整个生育期的平均呼吸速率则分别较CK高40%和64%;MT处理的地上生物量较CK低10%,但MT和CK的平均呼吸速率无显著差异。另一方面,R处理的土壤有机质(SOM)含量与CK无显著差异,而MT和RMT处理的SOM含量则较CK分别高79%和56%。基于主成分分析和功能预测发现,与CK处理比,R处理分解利用新鲜秸秆的绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门、节细菌属、指孢囊菌属和 Rubellimicrobiu 显著增多,而化能异养、需氧化能异养、尿素代谢功能显著降低;MT处理降解大分子有机物的土壤杆菌属、纤维菌属、德沃斯氏菌属、农研丝杆菌属、类诺卡氏菌属和 Rubellimicrobiu显著增多,需氧化能异养功能显著降低,纤维素代谢功能显著升高;而RMT处理与CK群落组成和功能类似。以上结果表明,在潮土区单独施用MT尽管能迅速提升SOM含量,但可能导致短期内作物产量降低,而R和MT联合施用在迅速提升SOM的同时可提高土壤呼吸,维持稳定的微生物群落和功能。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】 Fluvo-aquic soil is widely distributed in the North China Plain. The soil is very low in organic matter, which is hard accumulate therein. Maybe, this is the main cause preventing high crop yields. Application of extraneous organic materials (i.e. straw and woody peat) is a common agricultural strategy to improve soil organic matter(SOM)content in this agricultural region. However, so far only limited information is available in the literature about effects of applying crop straw and/or wood peat on crop yield and soil fertility, and it is not clear whether it is superior to direct straw returning to the field. 【Method】 In this study, a field experiment, designed to have four treatments, that is, CK (Do not apply any organic material, only chemical fertilizer), R (Chemical fertilizer and 7 500 kg·hm-2 of straw), MT (Chemical fertilizer and 7 005 kg·hm-2 of the wood peat), and RMT (Chemical fertilizer, 7 500 kg·hm-2 of straw and 7 005 kg·hm-2 of the wood peat) was conducted in a field of Fluvo-aquic soil in Fengqiu, Henan. Crop yield and soil fertility indices, such as SOM, total nitrogen(TN), available phosphorus(AP), Nitrate (NO3--N) and carbon nitrogen ratio (C:N) of the soil were measured. High-throughput sequencing was employed to characterize diversity and composition of the bacterial community in the soil, FAPROTAX database was used in prediction of bacterial functions. 【Result】 Results show that there was no significant difference between Treatments R and RMT and CK in aboveground biomass, but Treatment R and RMT was 40% and 64% respectively, higher than CK in average respiration rate in the whole growth period of maize. However, Treatment MT was 10% lower than CK in aboveground biomass, and did not differ much in average respiratory rate. On the other hand, the treatments varied in effect on soil fertility. Compared with CK, Treatment R was 23.56% lower in AP, while Treatment MT was 79.30%, 39.12%, 43.63% and 86.50% higher, respectively, in SOM, AP, NO3-N and C:N. Through high-throughput sequencing and function prediction, it was found that the bacterial communities in Treatments R and MT differed significantly from that in CK in composition and function, while that in Treatment RMT was similar to that in CK, and the soil bacterial communities in Treatments R and MT were significantly higher than that in CK in diversity. Compared with CK, the relative abundances of Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Arthrobacter, Dactylosporangium and Rubellimicrobiu that could decompose and utilize fresh straws were significantly increased in Treatment R, but the functions of Chemoheterotrophy, Aerobic chemoheterotrophy and Ureolysis were decreased, while in Treatment MT, the relative abundances of Agrobacterium, Cellulosimicrobium, Devosia, Niastella, Nocardioides and Rubellimicrobiu that could degrade macromolecular organics were significantly increased and the function of Cellulolysis was strengthened and that of Aerobic chemoheterotrophy was weakened. In addition, the predicted functions of the soil microbial communities in Treatments R and MT were significantly different from those in CK, but thoese in Treatment RMT were similar to those in CK. In addition, the predicted functions of the soil microbacterial communities in Treatments R and MT were significantly different from those in CK, while those in Treatment RMT were similar to those in CK. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, in the Fluvo-aquic soil area, although applying woody peat alone can rapidly increase SOM, it may lead to decrease in crop yield temporarily or in a short term, which may be relative to changes in the soil microbial community in composition and function, thus affecting nutrient recycling and transformation. Combined application of straw and woody peat is beneficial to building up of soil fertility, and maintaining the soil microbial community in structure and function.

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赵文慧,马 垒,徐基胜,谭 军,张佳宝,赵炳梓.秸秆与木本泥炭短期施用对潮土有机质及微生物群落组成和功能的影响[J].土壤学报,2020,57(1):153-164. DOI:10.11766/trxb201811300537 ZHAO Wenhui, MA Lei, XU Jisheng, TAN Jun, ZHANG Jiabao, ZHAO Bingzi. Effect of Application of Straw and Wood Peat for a Short Period on Soil Organic Matter and Microbial Community in Composition and Function in Fluvo-aquic Soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2020,57(1):153-164.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-10-30
  • 最后修改日期:2019-02-15
  • 录用日期:2019-03-11
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-08-27
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