[Objective] Soil fauna are an important indicator for quality assessment and monitoring of contaminated soils. However, few studies have been reported in the literature in China on community structure of Collembola and variation characteristics of certain specific species in soils contaminated with heavy metals in mining areas. In order to explore relationship between heavy metal pollution in soil and community structure of Collembola, toxic effects of the pollution on collembolan and law of the response of collembolan to the pollution, in an attempt to provide a scientific basis for assessing and monitoring soil quality.[Method] In this paper, on the farmlands around the Lanping lead-zinc mining in Yunnan Province, four sample belts, A, B, C and D were laid out, varying in distance from the mining. Among them, A, B and C were belts of contaminated farmlands and D the one free of contamination as CK. And in each belt, 3 sampling points were arranged at the same intervals along a line vertical to the river running through the belts. Point 1 was the closest to and Point 3 the farthest away from the river. So a total of 12 sampling points were specified for soil sampling, and three soil samples were collected quantitatively from each sampling point for identification and count of collembolan and analysis of soil heavy metals, physicochemical properties and heavy metals in collembolan, separately, and each soil sample was divided into 5 portions as replicate for the analysis of species diversity and community structure of collembolans, heavy metal content in their bodies and heavy metal content and physicochemical properties of the soils.[Result] A total of 1 445 collembolan individuals of 26 species were acquired, belonging to 2 orders, 6 families and 15 genera and reaching 12 042 ind·m² in average population density. The Collembola community was characterized by apparent dominancy with specific groups and relative deficiency in diveristy. The farther the sample points from the mining or the river, the lower the content of Cd, Pb and Zn in the soil, the lower the content of heavy metals in the collembolan body, and the higher the species richness(number of species), richness index and abundance of collembolans(density). And responses of the animals were greater to the content of available heavy metals than to the total heavy metals, especially in species richness and heavy metal content of collembolans. Onychiurus sp. was negatively related to the content of available Pb in population density. The three species of Isotoma were all negatively related to both total and available Cd. and Isotoma sp. 3 was negatively related to total and available Zn. Lepidocyrtus sp. was positively related to total Cd, Pb and Zn. Besides, Onychiurus sp. and Onychiurus folsomi were positively related to soil organic matter. Hypogastrura yosii was positively related to soil pH. Isotoma sp.1 was positively related to soil pH and soil bulk density.[Conclusion] Structure of the Collembola community and distribution of certain species in the farmland system around the lead-zinc mining area were significantly affected by heavy metal pollution:The collembolan community responded greatly to heavy metals in species richness, richness index and abundance, and was more sensitive to available heavy metals than to total ones. So the contents of available heavy metals are good indicators reflecting change in Collembola community. Onychiurus sp., the three species of Isotoma and Lepidocyrtus sp. possess the potential to act as indicator for assessment of heavy metal pollution and so do Onychiurus sp., Onychiurus folsomi and Isotoma sp.1 for assessment of soil quality.