秸秆还田模式对小麦-玉米轮作体系土壤有机碳固存的影响
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S158.3

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国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200308)、陕西省重点研发计划项目资助(2019ZDLNY01-05-01)和“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B11)资助


Effect of Straw Returning Mode on Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration
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the National Key R&D Program (No. 2016YFD0200308), Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi (2019ZDLNY01-05-01) and the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (No. 2012BAD14B11)

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    摘要:

    为解决麦玉轮作体系小麦秸秆直接粉碎还田存在的弊端,基于多年麦玉秸秆还田定位试验,筛选高产-节本-地力提升为一体的还田模式。选择4种还田模式,即小麦玉米秸秆均不还田(WN-MN,CK1)、小麦玉米秸秆均粉碎还田(WC-MC,CK2)、小麦高留茬还田(WH-MN)和小麦高留茬-玉米粉碎还田(WH-MC)为研究对象,比较其产量表现、土壤有机碳贮量盈亏、碳库管理指数等指标,评价将小麦秸秆粉碎还田改成高留茬还田后形成的还田模式与两季秸秆均粉碎还田的优劣。结果表明,与WN-MN相比,WC-MC和WH-MC的土壤碳储量分别增加24.23%和16.05%;与试验开始前土壤有机碳储量相比,4种还田模式的土壤碳固持为-0.83~6.14 Mg·hm-2;维持土壤初始碳储量水平的最小碳投入量为4.06 Mg·hm-2·a-1。各处理不稳定有机碳组分的含量随着土层加深呈下降趋势。与WN-MN相比,WC-MC、WH-MC和WH-MN显著增加了0~20 cm表层不稳定碳组分的含量;WC-MC和WH-MC也显著增加了各土层的碳库管理指数。2015-2016周年产量,WC-MC、WH-MC平均较其他两个处理分别增加了34.5%、20.1%;2016-2017周年产量,以WH-MC最高,较其他处理平均高出11.1%。小麦高留茬-玉米粉碎还田模式下土壤有机碳储量、不稳定有机碳组分、碳库管理指数和作物产量均较高,且节本增效,表明该模式有利于关中平原麦玉轮作体系粮食生产可持续发展。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Aiming at overcoming the shortcomings of direct application of crushed straw into the soil under the wheat-maize rotation system, a years-long field experiment was carried out in an attempt to screen out an optimal mode for straw returning that could meet the targets of high yield, cost saving and soil fertility improvement.[Method] The nearly 10 years of field experiment on returning of wheat-maize straw was designed to have four treatments or straw returning modes, namely, (i)no return of either wheat or maize straw (WN-MN, CK1); (ii) return of wheat and maize straw, both crushed (WC-MC, CK2); (iii)leaving high wheat stubblein the field (WH-MN); and (ⅳ)leaving high wheat stubble and returning crushed maize straw (WH-MC). By comparing the treatments in the yield, gain and loss of soil organic carbon stock, carbon pool management index and other indices, advantages and disadvantages of the treatments were analyzed.[Result] Results show that Treatment of WC-MC and WH-MC was 81% and 243%, respectively, higher than the other two treatments (WH-MN, WN-MN). and 24.23% and 16.05%, respectively, higher than Treatment WN-MN in SOC stock. Compared with the SOC stock of the soil prior to the experiment, carbon sequestration of the four treatments varied in the range of -0.83~6.14 Mg·hm-2. Both sequestered C and non-sequestered C were positively related to cumulative carbon input, indicating that high-amount straw returning is more conducive to carbon sequestration. The minimum carbon input to maintain the basic organic carbon balance was 4.06 Mg·hm-2·a-1. The labile fraction of SOC (LFSOC)in each treatment decreased with the increase in soil depth. Compared with Treatment WN-MN, Treatment WC-MC, WH-MC and WH-MN increased LFSOC content in the 0~20 cm layer. Among them, the labile fraction of SOC (active organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, hot water soluble carbon and particulate organic carbon)was the highest in Treatment WC-MC, and then in Treatment WH-MC, both of which were significantly higher than the other two (WH-MN and WN-MN). Treatment WH-MN was 35.7%, 21.4%, 34.1%, 24.2% and 36.8% higher than Treatment WN-MN in content of LOC, DOC, MBC, HWC and POC. The five components varied in the range of 35.5%-64.3%, 21.4%-55.3%, 34.1%-58.7%, 22.7%-42.9%, and 36.7%-60.7%, respectively, in sensitivity index (Table 3) and between the treatments, with Treatments WC-MC and WH-MC being significantly higher than Treatments WN-MN. Treatments WC-MC and WH-MC were also significantly higher in carbon management index than CK in each soil layer. In the season of 2015-2016, Treatment WC-MC and WH-MC was 34.5% and 20.1%, respectively, higher than Treatments WH-MN and WN-MN in annual crop yield, and in the season of 2016-2017, Treatmentl WH-MC wasthe highest or 11.1% higher on average than the three treatments. Moreover, in the season of 2015-2016 annual crop yield was found to be significantly and positively related to SOC and C inputs, but in the season of 2016-2017. it was not.[Conclusion] So in view of its effects SOC stock, LFSOC, CPMI, crop yield and saving cost, the mode of returning of crushed maize straw plus 25-30 cm long stubble left in the field for maize cultivation is deemed as an optimal straw-returning strategy for sustainable development of the agriculture under the intensive maize-wheat rotation system in Guanzhong Plain.

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赵惠丽,董金琎,师江澜,徐苗,田霄鸿.秸秆还田模式对小麦-玉米轮作体系土壤有机碳固存的影响[J].土壤学报,2021,58(1):213-224. DOI:10.11766/trxb201909020267 ZHAO Huili, DONG Jinjin, SHI Jianglan, XU Miao, TIAN Xiaohong. Effect of Straw Returning Mode on Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(1):213-224.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-09-02
  • 最后修改日期:2019-12-02
  • 录用日期:2020-01-11
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-10-30
  • 出版日期: 2021-01-11