不同整地措施坡面土壤水分时空分布特征
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S157.1

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国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0505405)资助


Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Soil Moisture on Slopes Relative to Land Preparation Measure
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National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0505405)

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    摘要:

    了解不同整地措施的梯田果园土壤水分的时空异质性及影响机制对提升林果产业发展具有重要意义。以赣南小洋小流域脐橙果园开发示范区内的3种典型的土地利用结构坡面(优化整地坡面、粗放整地坡面、未整地荒草地坡面)和4种土地利用类型(优化整地果园、粗放整地果园、荒草地、农地)为研究对象,研究其在0~100 cm土壤剖面上的水分时空分布特征及主控地形因子。结果表明:不同土地利用类型土壤含水量在雨季表现为农地>粗放整地果园>优化整地果园>荒草地,果园之间无显著差异,其他土地利用之间差异均显著(P<0.05);在旱季为农地>优化整地果园>粗放整地果园>荒草地,荒草地和粗放整地果园土壤含水量大幅降低,要显著低于优化整地果园(P<0.05)。在不同坡位,雨季与旱季土壤含水量从坡顶到坡脚均表现为逐渐升高趋势,且坡上、中、下部位的差异均很小。通过冗余分析也发现雨季和旱季土壤水分异质性的主控因子分别为坡位和土地利用类型(P<0.01),均通过表层(0~20 cm)土壤来影响水分分布。整地措施对坡面土壤水分的空间异质性提升明显,且显著提升了坡面在雨季对降雨的入渗能力,同时优化整地措施显著提升了梯田表层土壤在旱季的蓄水保水能力。研究结论可为区域内整地措施空间布局优化以及水土流失的综合治理提供理论依据。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] How to arrange rationally land preparation measures on terraced slopes affects runoff generation, rainfall infiltration, and water conservation capacity, thereon. It's of great significance to understand the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of soil moisture in terraced orchards different in land preparation measure and its mechanism, for promoting development of the forest and fruit industry.[Method] For this paper, the navel orange orchard development demonstration area in the small watershed of Xiaoyang in a low hilly red soil region in South China is selected as the research area. Three slopes, typical of the area, but different in land use structure (optimally prepared terraced slope, extensively prepared terraced slope, and unprepared waste grassland slope) and four types of land use (orchard on optimally prepared terraced slope, orchard on extensively prepared terraced slope, waste grassland, and cropland) were selected as the research objects for the study on spatio-temporal distribution of soil water relative to land preparation and land use. Soil water content in five soil layers (0~20, 20~40, 40~60, 60~80 and 80~100 cm) at five slope positions (top slope, upper slope, middle slope, lower slope, and toe slope) on all the four slopes was monitored in both seasons (rainy and dry season). And redundant analysis was performed to determine the main terrain factors (including slope position, slope, land use type and altitude) that affect spatio-temporal distribution of soil water content in different seasons and soil layers.[Result] Results show:1) soil water content during the rainy season varied with land use of a slope, exhibiting an order of slope of cropland (0.4088 m3·m-3) > orchard on extensively prepared terraced slope (0.3227 m3·m-3) > orchard on optimally prepared terraced slope (0.3078 m3·m-3) > slope of waste grassland (0.2739 m3·m-3). Apparently, the two orchards did not differ much, but did significantly from the other two. During the dry season, soil water content decreased much faster in the slope of waste grassland and the orchard on extensively prepared terraced slope than in the two. On the slope of farmland, the impact of slope position on soil water content was the least. In terms of soil water content during the dry season, the four slopes followed a decreasing order of slope of cropland (0.3524 m3·m-3) > orchard on optimally prepared terraced slope (0.1980 m3·m-3) > orchard extensively prepared terraced slope (0.1475 m3·m-3) > slope of waste grassland (0.1380 m3·m-3). Obviously the last two were much lower than the first two. 2) Soil water content gradually increased along the slope from the top to the toe, during both the rainy and dry seasons, but differed slightly between the upper, middle and lower parts of the three slopes, however, spatial heterogeneity intensified significantly after land preparation of the slopes. 3) The main topographic factors affecting the distribution of soil water content during the rainy season were slope position (P=0.002) and land use (P=0.048), and during the dry season were land use (P=0.008), slope position (P=0.024) and altitude (P=0.024), however, slope gradient was an insignificant one.[Conclusion] In general, land preparation of the slopes significantly increased rain water infiltration capacity and hence soil water content of the surface (0~20 cm) soil layer during the rainy season, especially in the orchard on the optimally prepared terraced slope, where the water storage and retention capacity was significantly improved during the dry season. All the findings in this study may serve as a scientific basis for rational arrangement of land resources in the region, optimization of the spatial layout of soil and water conservation measures, and comprehensive soil erosion control.

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程谅,焦雄,邸涵悦,熊翱宇,郭忠录.不同整地措施坡面土壤水分时空分布特征[J].土壤学报,2021,58(6):1423-1435. DOI:10.11766/trxb202002270076 CHENG Liang, JIAO Xiong, DI Hanyue, XIONG Aoyu, GUO Zhonglu. Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Soil Moisture on Slopes Relative to Land Preparation Measure[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(6):1423-1435.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-27
  • 最后修改日期:2020-06-01
  • 录用日期:2020-09-22
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-12-08
  • 出版日期: 2021-11-11