有机肥长期施用对设施土壤全镉和有效态镉含量的影响
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上海市农委科技兴农重点攻关项目(202002080012F01457)、上海市自然科学基金项目(17ZR1431200)和上海市农业科学院卓越团队计划项目(2017(A-03))资助


Effects of Long-term Application of Organic Manure on Contents of Total and Available Cadmium in Greenhouse Soil
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Supported by the Agricultural Applied Technology Development Program of Shanghai Agricultural Committee of China (No.202002080012F01457), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai of China (No. 17ZR1431200) and the Excellent Team Program of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (No. 2017(A-03)

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    摘要:

    应用长期田间定位试验方法,比较研究了长期有机肥不同施肥方式(不施肥、有机肥常量、有机肥减量及有机肥减量配施化肥)对设施土壤镉(Cd)全量及有效态含量的影响,同时考察了其对土壤特性的影响及二者的相关性。结果表明:与不施肥的设施土壤(对照)相比,长期定量施用有机肥土壤表层(0~20 cm)Cd全量显著降低,且随着施用量下降,该效果更显著,但对亚表层(20~40 cm)Cd全量无显著影响。长期施用有机肥会提高设施土壤表层Cd有效态含量,特别是0~10 cm土壤有效态Cd含量显著高于对照,但与有机肥常量处理相比,有机肥减量和有机肥减量配施化肥处理土壤有效态Cd含量分别显著降低了17.56%和14.04%;同时,有机肥减量配施化肥对设施土壤有机质、全氮、表层有效磷均有大幅提升,且pH偏高于有机肥常量。相关分析表明,设施土壤有机质、有效磷含量均与土壤Cd全量和有效态含量之间呈显著或极显著正相关,土壤全氮含量与Cd有效态含量呈显著正相关,pH与有效态含量之间呈极显著负相关。上述结果表明有机肥适当减施,同时辅以适量化肥,可进一步改善设施土壤特性,进而控制设施土壤表层Cd累积。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Greenhouse soil is a typical commercial upland soil in suburban areas of China. With heavy metals, especially cadmium, accumulating year by year the greenhouse soil gradually loses its productivity, while degrading in ecological environment and agricultural product quality. Application of organic manure is one of the main measures to improve soil fertility and soil microbial activity in greenhouse agriculture, however, the manure often carries a certain amount of heavy metals. Consequently, long-term application of organic manure will increase the input of heavy metals in soil. In order to rationalize application organic manure for better soil properties and less heavy metal pollution in greenhouse soil, it is essential to study effects of long-term application of organic manure on the contents of total and available cadmium (Cd) and physicochemical properties of the greenhouse soil, as well as their correlations.[Method] Soil samples were collected from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers of greenhouses different in fertilization, that is, application organic manure at a conventional rate (M1), application of organic manure at less than the conventional rate (M2), application of organic manure at less than the conventional rate plus chemical fertilizer at a certain rate (M3) and no fertilizer or manure (the control, CK), at the Zhuanghang Experimental Station of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, China for analysis of soil physicochemical properties, total Cd and available Cd, and further relationships between soil (total and available) Cd contents and physicochemical properties.[Result] As compared to the control, the greenhouse applied with organic manure significantly decreased the content of total Cd in the surface (0-20 cm) soil layer, and the reduction was more significant with less manure application. However, the effect was not observed in the subsurface (20-40 cm) soil layer, and how to apply organic manure did not have any effect either. The content of available Cd in the surface soil layer was higher than that in the subsurface soil layer. Long-term application of organic manure did increase the content of available Cd content in the surface soil layer, especially the 0-10 cm soil layer, where the content of available Cd was significantly higher than that in the control. Compared with Treatment M1, Treatment M2 and Treatment M3 was significantly or 17.56% and 14.04% lower than Treatment M1, respectively, in available Cd content in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Treatment M3 was significantly higher than CK in contents of soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, and surface soil available phosphorous, and than Treatment M1 in pH. Correlation analysis shows that the contents of organic matter and available phosphorus were significantly and positively related to the contents of total and available Cd, and so was the content of total nitrogen to the content of available Cd, however pH ultra-significantly and negatively related to the content of available Cd.[Conclusion] All the above findings show that application of organic manure at a properly reduced rate, while applying appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer, can further improve greenhouse soil properties, and reduce accumulation and availability of Cd in the surface soil of the greenhouses.

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段海芹,秦秦,吕卫光,薛永,孙丽娟,宋科.有机肥长期施用对设施土壤全镉和有效态镉含量的影响[J].土壤学报,2021,58(6):1486-1495. DOI:10.11766/trxb202003030088 DUAN Haiqin, QIN Qin, LÜ Weiguang, XUE Yong, SUN Lijuan, SONG Ke. Effects of Long-term Application of Organic Manure on Contents of Total and Available Cadmium in Greenhouse Soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(6):1486-1495.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-03
  • 最后修改日期:2020-07-07
  • 录用日期:2020-10-14
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-11-11