黄淮麦区小麦籽粒锌含量差异原因与调控
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国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3)和国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200400)资助


Causes and Regulation of Variation of Zinc Concentration in Wheat Grains Produced in Huanghuai Wheat Production Region of China
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Supported by the Modern Agricultural Research System of China (No. CARS-3) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFD0200400)

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    摘要:

    小麦高产优质生产对保障我国粮食安全和人们营养健康有重要意义。通过实地调研和取样分析,研究了黄淮麦区276个田块的小麦籽粒锌含量与产量和产量构成、施肥和土壤养分、作物锌吸收利用等参数的关系。结果表明,黄淮麦区缺锌和非缺锌土壤的比例分别为42%和58%,两种土壤上的小麦籽粒锌含量分别介于16~52和17~58 mg·kg-1,分别有7%和9%样本的籽粒锌达到推荐值40 mg·kg-1。缺锌田块,籽粒锌含量与磷肥用量(r=-0.273,P < 0.01)、0~20 cm土壤有效磷(r=-0.283,P < 0.01)显著负相关,高低籽粒锌组的磷肥用量分别为73和137 kg·hm-2,土壤有效磷分别为13和20 mg·kg-1,有效锌分别为0.8和0.7 mg·kg-1,但籽粒产量低于非缺锌土壤(7 204和7 857 kg·hm-2)。非缺锌田块,籽粒锌含量与磷肥用量显著负相关(r=-0.181,P < 0.05),与0~20 cm(r=0.236,P < 0.01)和20~40 cm(r=0.183,P < 0.05)土壤有效锌显著正相关,高低锌组的磷肥用量分别为112和145 kg·hm-2,0~20 cm的土壤有效磷分别为29和30 mg·kg-1,有效锌分别为3.3和2.2 mg·kg-1。因此,在缺锌土壤上,应首先解决土壤缺锌问题,将有效锌提升至临界值1.0 mg·kg-1以上,非缺锌土壤有效锌保持在3.0 mg·kg-1以上,同时适当减少磷肥用量和降低土壤有效磷水平,以减少磷对小麦锌吸收的负面影响,维持黄淮麦区小麦高产并改善籽粒锌营养。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] China nowadays has approximately 100 million people suffering from zinc (Zn) deficiency, mainly because they live on cereal crops as their staple food and hence fail to take in adequate Zn, especially in the rural areas. As one of the major wheat-producing areas, the Huanghuai Plain contributes to about 70% of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield of China. So it is of great significance to understand causes of the variation of Zn concentration in wheat grains to guarantee high-yield and high-quality wheat production in the region, so as to ensure food security and human health.[Method] Combined with a two-year in situ farm survey, samples of wheat shoot (the aboveground part) and soil in the 0~100 cm layer were collected from 276 randomly selected farmers' fields during the wheat harvesting season in the Huanghuai wheat production region for analysis of Zn concentration. Comparison was made between wheat grains produced in Zn-deficient (DTPA-Zn<1.0 mg·kg-1) and non-Zn-deficient (DTPA-Zn ≥ 1.0 mg·kg-1) soils in grain Zn concentration and correlation analysis performed of grain Zn concentration with grain yield, yield components, fertilization rates, soil nutrients in the 0-100 cm layer, and Zn uptake and utilization of the crop, separately.[Result] Results show that 42% and 58% of the wheat fields in the region were of Zn-deficient (DTPA-Zn<1.0 mg·kg-1) and non-Zn-deficient (DTPA-Zn ≥ 1.0 mg·kg-1) soils, and produced grains with Zn concentration ranging from 16 to 52 mg·kg-1 and from 17 to 58 mg·kg-1, respectively. About 7% and 9% of the grain samples from the two types of wheat fields met the recommended criterion (≥ 40 mg·kg-1) for grain Zn concentration. Generally, the farmers in the region prefer to grow local specific elite cultivars of wheat, however, it was difficult to identify high-Zn or potentially high-Zn traits of the cultivars due to the limited sample size at a regional scale. In this survey, the selected wheat fields did not receive any Zn fertilizer or other Zn-containing fertilizers, and only 10% and 18% of the fields of Zn-deficient soil and non-Zn-deficient soil were applied with organic manure. In the fields of Zn-deficient soils, grain Zn concentration had nothing to do with nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilization rates, but did negatively, with phosphorus (P) fertilization rate (r=-0.273, P < 0.01) and available P in the 0-20 cm soil layer (r=-0.283, P < 0.01). In the two groups of wheat fields, high and low in grain Zn concentration, with soil available P being 13 and 20 mg·kg-1, and available Zn being 0.8 and 0.7 mg·kg-1 in 0-20 cm soil, P2O5 fertilizer was applied at 65.8 and 68.4 kg·hm-2to achieve targeted grain yield. Also, the grain yield and shoot Zn uptake were observed to be lower in the fields of Zn-deficient soils(7 204 kg·hm-2 and 279 g·hm-2) than in the fields of non-Zn-deficient soils (7 857 kg·hm-2 and 318 g·hm-2). In the fields of non-Zn-deficient soils, grain Zn concentration had nothing to do with N and K fertilization rates, either, but was negatively related to P fertilization rate (r=-0.181, P < 0.05) and positively to soil available Zn in the 0-20 cm (r=0.236, P < 0.01) and 20-40 cm (r=0.183, P < 0.05) soil layers. In the two groups of wheat fields of Zn-deficient and non-Zn-deficient soils, with available P being 29 and 30 mg·kg-1, and available Zn being 3.3 and 2.2 mg·kg-1 in the 0-20 cm soil layer, P fertilizer was applied at a rate of 112 and 145 kg P2O5·hm-2, respectively, and P2O5 requirement for targeted average grain yield reached 69.2 and 70.8 kg·hm-2, respectively.[Conclusion] Therefore, it could be considered that it is advisable to address the problem of lack of available soil Zn firstly, by increasing the content of soil available Zn up to the critical values of 1.0 and 3.0 mg·kg-1 in the fields of Zn-deficient and non-Zn-deficient soils, respectively, and then to reduce P fertilizer application rate and hence available soil P content, so as to alleviate the negative effect of excessive P on crop Zn uptake and accumulation, for the purpose of maintaining high grain yield and improving grain Zn nutrition simultaneously in winter wheat grown in the Huanghuai wheat production region of China.

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黄婷苗,王朝辉,黄倩楠,侯赛宾.黄淮麦区小麦籽粒锌含量差异原因与调控[J].土壤学报,2021,58(6):1496-1506. DOI:10.11766/trxb202003150119 HUANG Tingmiao, WANG Zhaohui, HUANG Qiannan, HOU Saibin. Causes and Regulation of Variation of Zinc Concentration in Wheat Grains Produced in Huanghuai Wheat Production Region of China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(6):1496-1506.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-15
  • 最后修改日期:2020-06-13
  • 录用日期:2020-08-18
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-11-11