The use of functional bacteria to assist phytostabilization is nowadays a practical and eco-friendly method commonly applied to remediation of heavy metals-contaminated farmland soils. The application can effectively control the migration of heavy metal pollutants, reduce the concentration of available heavy metals in the soil, and further on ensure safety of the agricultural production. However, bacteria do not exist independently in soil. Nearly 80%~90% of the microorganisms exist on and adhere to the surface of soil minerals or mineral-organic complexes. Within this in-situ soil remediation process, the interplay between bacteria and minerals, including the formation of bacterial-mineral complexes, the dissolution of minerals by bacteria metabolites and the influence of minerals on bacterial activity, which runs through the whole remediation, should be taken in consideration and show extensive interferences. First, the interplay will affect the surface characteristics of bacteria, such as chargeability, type and concentration of the surface functional groups, etc., which in turn affect biosorption behavior of the bacteria to heavy metals; Secondly, minerals can affect bacterial activity by destroying integrity of the bacterial biofilm, dissolving out mineral ions to poison bacteria and buffering pH in the environment, etc., and disrupt internal physiological regulation mechanisms of the bacteria, which ultimately affect colonization ability of the bacteria on the surface of minerals, growth-promoting function of the bacteria on plants, and ability of the bacteria to immobilize heavy metals. Moreover, the composites formed by combination of bacteria and minerals differ in behavior in immobilization of heavy metals from a single component of bacteria or minerals. This process might promote formation of soil aggregates, improve soil physical structure, and slow down soil degradation, which is conducive to the sustainable use of remedied farmlands, and hence plays an important role in remediation of heavy metals-contaminated soils. At present, the research on relationships between soil minerals, bacteria and heavy metals is still limited, and most of them focus on apparent phenomena. Therefore, this paper is oriented to comprehensively review the combination of bacteria and minerals, the dissolution effect of bacteria on minerals and the influence of minerals on bacterial activity, and expound the application potential of bacteria-soil mineral(mineral material)complexes in remediation of heavy metal polluted soils, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of bacteria-mineral complexes in the heavy metals -contaminated soil environment.