缺氮胁迫对小麦根际土壤微生物群落结构特征的影响
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国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200308)、国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB150501)和旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CSBAA2020006)共同资助


Effects of Nitrogen Deficiency on Microbial Community Structure in Rhizosphere Soil of Wheat
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Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFD0200308), the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB150501) and the Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (No. CSBAA2020006)

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    摘要:

    根际微生物在作物养分吸收的过程中发挥着重要作用。为提高小麦的氮肥利用率,有必要深入探究缺氮胁迫对小麦根际微生物群落结构的影响。利用氮素耗竭的陕西关中地区典型的塿土,设置了正常供氮(150 mg·kg-1)和缺氮(不施氮肥)的小麦根箱实验,采用16S rRNA基因扩增子高通量测序技术分析了小麦根际、近根际和非根际土壤微生物的多样性和群落结构的差异。结果表明:土壤可溶性无机氮含量在微生物群落多样性和群落结构的变化中起主导作用。与正常供氮相比,土壤微生物群落在缺氮胁迫下具有更高的α多样性。厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、纤细菌门(Gracilibacteria)、Candidatus Jorgensenbacteria和迷踪菌门(Elusimicrobia)等微生物的丰度与土壤硝态氮含量显著负相关,氨氧化古菌Nitrososphaeria则是受缺氮胁迫影响的微生物共存网络的重要节点。缺氮胁迫诱导了土壤微生物的mRNA合成、糖酵解、过氧化物代谢和磷酸肌醇代谢等代谢过程。亚硝化螺菌(Nitrosospira)和硝化螺旋菌(Nitrospiraceae)等对随机森林分类器准确度的影响最大,后续可作为土壤供氮水平的生物标记物。综上所述,缺氮胁迫对小麦根际微生物的多样性、群落结构和代谢功能产生了显著影响,且大于根际效应的影响,该发现对未来小麦根际促生微生物的培养和鉴定有启示作用,并为减氮增效的生产实践提供了理论依据。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Rhizosphere microorganisms play an essential role in the process of nutrients absorbing in crops. To improve nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat production, it is of great significance to study effects of nitrogen deficiency on structure of the microbial community in the rhizosphere of wheat.[Method] Soil samples were collected from a nitrogen-depleted wheat field of Lou soil, which is typical of the Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province for a rhizobox experiment. The experiment was designed to have two treatments, one applied with nitrogen fertilizer at a normal rate (150 mg·kg-1) and the other with no nitrogen fertilizer to the wheat growing in the rhizoboxes. Soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere, near-rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere were analyzed with the technique of 16S rRNA gene amplicon high-throughput sequencing for comparison between the two treatments in soil microbial diversity and community structure in these sections of the rhizoboxes.[Result] Results show that the content of soluble inorganic nitrogen in the soil played a leading role in triggering changes in microbial community diversity and community structure. Compared with normal nitrogen supply, soil microbial community has higher α diversity index under nitrogen deficiency. The abundance of microorganisms, such as Firmicutes, Gracilibacteria, Candidatus Jorgensenbacteria and Elusimicrobia, was negatively related to soil nitrate content. Nitrososphaeria an ammonia-oxidizing class of archaea, was a critical node of the microbial co-occurrence network affected by nitrogen deficiency. Nitrogen deficiency induced a series of microbial metabolic processes, such as mRNA synthesis, glycolysis, peroxides, and phosphoinositol metabolism. Nitrosospira and Nitrospirae contributed the most to accuracy of the random forest classifier, and can be used as biomarker for prediction of nitrogen supply level in soil.[Conclusion] To sum up, the effects of nitrogen deficiency on diversity, community structure, and metabolic function of the soil microbes in the rhizosphere were significant, and more than the rhizosphere effect. It is helpful for the exploration of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and provides some theoretical basis for reducing the nitrogen fertilizer application and improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat production.

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熊艺,郑璐,沈仁芳,兰平.缺氮胁迫对小麦根际土壤微生物群落结构特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2022,59(1):218-230. DOI:10.11766/trxb202005080225 XIONG Yi, ZHENG Lu, SHEN Renfang, LAN Ping. Effects of Nitrogen Deficiency on Microbial Community Structure in Rhizosphere Soil of Wheat[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2022,59(1):218-230.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-05-08
  • 最后修改日期:2020-09-17
  • 录用日期:2020-11-10
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2022-01-11